This study investigates whether configurations of situational determinants impact R&D intensity. Using a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), the study assesses the consistency and coverage, both cross-sectionally and over time, of these configurations. The global solution presents four alternative combinations conducive to R&D intensity and concludes that situational determinants matter. The way managers use their aspirations, the proximity of bankruptcy, and the availability of slack affects the propensity to engage in R&D. Further, the results show that firms are not all alike and highlight the differences in how these determinants combine to impact R&D intensity

Demanding EU targets for renewables create challenges for governmental decisions regarding energy sources and plant sitting. In this study we explore perceptions of the Portuguese general population regarding renewable energy power plants. In particular we study how these are affected by dimensions such as home distance to the power plant and its visibility, familiarity with the different energy sources, involvement in terms of employment, and socioeconomic characteristics. We find considerable differences in perception depending on familiarity and involvement with energy sources, environmental friendliness, and specific environmental impacts. Assessment of public perceptions of renewables should thus include these different dimensions.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from FCT Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia with Grant Number PTDC/EGE-ECO/122402/2010