Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune condition often managed with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, or thrombopoietin receptor agonists. In settings where these therapies are inaccessible or contraindicated, dapsone an older antimicrobial agent with immunomodulatory effects has been proposed as an alternative, though its comparative effectiveness and safety profile remain inadequately defined. Objectives: This study systematically reviews and synthesizes existing data to assess the efficacy and tolerability of dapsone in adult patients with ITP. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases identified observational studies and interventional trials evaluating dapsone in ITP, including comparisons with standard treatments. Primary outcomes included complete and overall response rates, hemoglobin variation, relapse frequency, and adverse effects. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Cochrane tools. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan and R (meta/metafor). Results: Four eligible studies encompassing over 270 patients were analyzed. The pooled complete response rate was 28%, while the overall response rate reached 47%. Dapsone use was associated with a modest decline in hemoglobin levels with a mean decrease of 1.74 g/dL, and relapse occurred in approximately 21% of patients. Adverse effects most commonly hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia were reported in 18% of patients, though generally not severe. Heterogeneity was explored through leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Dapsone demonstrates moderate efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in adult ITP patients, especially in resource-limited contexts. While it may not match thrombopoietin agonists in preventing relapse, its low cost and oral administration offer practical advantages. Further large-scale randomized trials are warranted to clarify its role in ITP management.

Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in the United States, comprising nearly 41% of central nervous system tumors. While the majority are benign, atypical (World Health Organization Grade II) and malignant (Grade III) subtypes are clinically significant due to their aggressive biology, higher recurrence, and increased mortality risk. Despite their burden, national mortality trends and demographic disparities in meningioma-related deaths remain underexplored. Methods: We conducted a population-based analysis of meningioma-related mortality among U.S. adults aged ≥65 years from 1999 to 2023 using the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) wide-ranging online data for epidemiologic research (WONDER) database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated and stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, and urbanization. Temporal trends were assessed using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: From 2000 to 2023, 28,875 meningioma-related deaths were recorded, with higher mortality in males (65.6%) compared to females (34.4%). The overall AAMR declined from 3.79 in 2000 to 2.44 in 2009 (APC −3.86; 95% CI −5.07 to −2.63; P < 0.001), plateaued through 2017, and subsequently rose to 2.77 in 2023 (APC 3.34; 95% CI 1.13–5.60; P = 0.005). Men experienced an initial decline followed by stabilization, while women showed a late increase after 2014. NonHispanic Whites and Blacks demonstrated biphasic patterns, with recent increases after earlier declines. Geographic variation was also evident, with the highest AAMRs in the District of Columbia and the lowest in Arkansas. Conclusion: Meningioma-related mortality in the United States declined substantially in the early 2000s but has shown an upward trend in recent years, with disparities across sex, race/ethnicity, and region. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and targeted public health strategies to address high-risk populations and mitigate the rising mortality associated with aggressive meningioma subtypes.

Due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness, the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing biological agents has attracted a lot of attention. In this study, we investigate the potential of the Serratia marcescens W2 strain as a bio-factory for the production of silver nanoparticles and evaluate the biocontrol capability of this strain against fungal phytopathogens as well as its impact on wheat seeds. Using the extracellular enzymes and metabolites produced by Serratia marcescens W2,AgNPs were biosynthesised. The size, form, and composition of the AgNPs were determined using a variety of analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AgNPs' impressive ability to inhibit fungal growth in vitro experiments demonstrates their robust biocontrol capabilities. Microscopic and biochemical investigations helped to better clarify the AgNPs' mode of action against these phytopathogens. Additionally, investigations on seed germination and seedling growth were used to evaluate the effect of the AgNPs on wheat seeds. As a result of the application of AgNPs, seed germination rates, and seedling vigor dramatically increased, according to the findings. Additionally, compared to the control group, the seedlings treated with AgNPs showed enhanced resistance to fungal infection. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate the potential of Serratia marcescens W2 strain in the green synthesis of AgNPs with improved antifungal activities. Furthermore, the use of these AgNPs promotes the germination and growth of wheat seedlings, indicating their potential use as a biocontrol agent and seed treatment to safeguard crops against fungus phytopathogens in sustainable agriculture. To completely understand the underlying mechanisms and determine the long-term impacts of AgNPs on the ecosystem and human health, moreresearch is necessary.