Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of the child population and to identify the most relevant determinants that could influence the early development of obesity and overweight. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, recruiting a representative sample (698 schoolchildren, aged between 5 and 14, and obtaining information from a total of 414 households), using of anthropometric methods for nutritional assessment, the FIES scale, the KidMed index, and questions from the COSI survey. Results: Overall, 27% of the sample had healthy weight, 22.6% were overweight, and 18.1% were obese, with a higher prevalence among boys, and 86.7% of the sample did not adhere to dietary habits consistent with the Mediterranean diet. Food insecurity was present in 45.6% of the sample. A mean weight increase of 2.6 kg (95% CI: 1.0–4.3) was observed for each additional kilogram the child weighed at birth, 2.0 kg (95% CI: −0.2–4.3) in children living in households with some difficulty making ends meet, and 4.8 kg (95% CI: 1.3–8.3) in those from households reporting that they do not or barely manage to make ends meet. A statistically significant association was found with gross annual household income, with children from households earning less than EUR 12,000 having a 3.6 times higher risk of overweight/obesity compared to those from households earning more than EUR 36,000. Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is considerably higher in low-income families and is significantly associated with family economic capacity. Continued epidemiological surveillance of these conditions and their relationship with social determinants is necessary.

Background: Digital health technology has been identified as a valuable tool to support older adults with frailty needs in their home setting. Despite the numerous technologies and evaluations of these innovations, a synthesis of the older person and family caregivers’ experience using technology for support self-management has not been conducted to date. Methods and analysis: A systematic review and meta-ethnography will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and eMERGe reporting guidelines. Four peer-reviewed empirical evidence databases will be searched (Medline (Ovid), CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO) using a defined search strategy. Studies containing qualitative data on the experiences of older people or family caregivers of using digital health technology to support frailty care will be included. Covidence software will be used to screen studies and extract data. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for qualitative research will be used by two independent reviewers to appraise all included papers. A meta-ethnography will be undertaken in accordance with the seven-phase method described by Noblit and Hare: (1) Getting started, (2) Deciding what is relevant to the initial interest, (3) Reading the studies, (4) Determining how the studies are related, (5) Translating the studies into one another, (6) Synthesizing translations and (7) Expressing the synthesis. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review to integrate and synthesize the findings of qualitative studies of older citizens’ experience of digital health technology. The findings of this meta-ethnography will endeavour to inform future research, policy and clinical practice. In particular, the results will help to inform the design of future digital health technology to meet the needs of older adults. PROSPERO registration number: Submitted 05/04/2022 and currently under review.

Background: Energy poverty has emerged as a major societal challenge in Europe. Objectives: This study provides evidence on how different dimensions of energy poverty affect specific health outcomes, informing both theoretical understanding and intervention development to address this critical public health issue. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the Valencia pilot of the WELLBASED project, examining associations between energy poverty dimensions and health outcomes among 322 vulnerable participants in Valencia, Spain (69.6% women, mean age 48.8 years). Data were collected through validated instruments, including EQ-5D-5L, DASS-21, and SF-12, alongside standardised energy poverty indicators developed by the Energy Poverty Advisory Hub (EPAH). Results: Energy poverty prevalence was notably high, with 69.9% of participants unable to maintain adequate warmth during winter and 72.4% experiencing cooling difficulties during summer. Statistical analyses revealed significant associations between energy poverty indicators and health outcomes. For example, mental health impacts were particularly pronounced, with thermal inadequacy associated with depression, anxiety, and stress (effect sizes eta2 = 0.042–0.126). Physical health showed condition-specific patterns: respiratory conditions linked to heating inadequacy, cardio-vascular conditions to cooling inadequacy, and musculoskeletal conditions to utility bill arrears. Participants with arrears on energy bills reported significantly higher chronic disease burden compared to those without arrears (3.08 vs. 2.40, p = 0.010). Conclusions: These findings suggest that addressing energy poverty is essential for health equity strategies. Urban contexts with Mediterranean climate patterns present unique challenges, re-quiring year-round interventions that address both winter heating and summer cooling, moving beyond the traditional cold-weather focus.