Using panel data from 273 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2020, this study employs the Entropy Weight Method -Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (EWM-TOPSIS) model to measure people’s well-being and applies a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to evaluate the impact of the carbon emissions trading system on people’s well-being. The findings indicate that the carbon emissions trading system generally improves people’s well-being. The mechanism analysis reveals that the primary channel through which the carbon emissions trading system improves people’s well-being is the stimulation of green technology innovation. Additionally, fiscal expenditure decentralization negatively moderates the carbon emissions trading system’s impact on people’s well-being, whereas marketization degree does not exert a moderating effect. Further research reveals that fiscal expenditure decentralization exhibits a double threshold effect, while the degree of marketization displays a single threshold effect. The carbon emissions trading system exhibits heterogeneous impacts on people’s well-being. From a regional perspective, the carbon emissions trading system enhances people’s well-being in non-Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) regions, whereas it dampens people’s well-being in YREB cities. Regarding resource endowment, the carbon emissions trading system positively influences people’s well-being in non-resource-based cities, but its impact remains statistically insignificant in resource-based cities.

As a complex production system, high-quality public service production needs to be considered as a feedback system with citizen satisfaction at its core. Consequently, a model of the public service quality evaluation model should include elements such as subjective evaluation, objective evaluation, external environment, internal resources, process control, and result orientation. After reviewing the concept of quality in the public service provision, this paper is going to focus on the interaction of people, procedure and performance. It will analyze the quality elements and their evaluation dimensions of public service from strategies, results, process and environment, and structure. This leads to development of a public service quality evaluation model based on the circulatory systems including: the service needs-quality target, system-implementation quality, system-quality monitoring and system-quality evaluation system.