It is challenging to synchronize switched time-delay systems when some modes are uncontrolled and the dwell time (DT) of controlled mode is very small. Therefore, in this article, global exponential synchronization almost surely (GES a.s.) in a cluster of switched neural networks (NNs) with hybrid delays (time-varying delay and infinite-time distributed delay) is investigated, where transition probability (TP)-based random mode-dependent average DT (MDADT) switching is considered. A novel mode-dependent pinning event-triggered controller with nonidentical deception attacks is proposed to save the communication resource and derive less conservative results. The two necessary and restrictive conditions in existing papers that the value of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) before switching instants should be smaller than that after corresponding instant and the DT of each switching mode is restricted by the sampling intervals of the event trigger are moved. Sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are given to guarantee the GES a.s., even though both synchronizing and nonsynchronizing modes coexist and maybe the minimum DT of synchronizing modes is very small. Numerical examples, including image encryption, are provided to demonstrate the merits of the new technique.

In this letter, we consider a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network with a half-duplex (HD) decode-and-forward (DF) relay to improve physical layer security (PLS) of two users. Two legitimate users of U1 and U2 are far from the multi-antenna base station (BS). Thus, a relay with multi-antenna is used to enhance communication and obtain diversity gain. In the first stage, the BS transmits the superimposed signal to the relay via NOMA. Meanwhile, U1 generates the jamming signal to the eavesdropper (Eve). In the second stage, the relay forwards the signal to two users while the BS transmits the jamming signal to disrupt the eavesdropping. It is assumed that the Eve has strong eavesdropping ability. Thus, we need to introduce jamming to guarantee security. Furthermore, we use U1 instead of a full-duplex (FD) relay to send the jamming signal in the first stage to avoid self-interference. To measure the secrecy performance, a closed-form expression of secrecy outage probability (SOP) is derived for the two users. Simulation results are provided to verify the correctness of the proposed scheme.

With the advent of sixth-generation mobile communication technology (6G) and the emergence of future application scenarios such as Metaverse and digital twin (DT), the existing traditional wireless communication technology based on Shannon’s information theory has not been able to meet the increasing demand for data transmission. Semantic communications (SemCom), which greatly reduces the amount of information transmitted and alleviates the burden of communication by transmitting the meaning behind the information, has been considered a promising 6G enabler. SemCom’s resource allocation is critical to the system’s reliability and effectiveness. Compared to traditional wireless communication systems, the system architecture and performance metrics of SemCom have undergone significant changes, making it difficult for traditional resource allocation strategies to adapt well to this new architecture. However, the issue remains unresolved and inadequately researched. In order to provide researchers with valuable insight to promote follow-up research, this paper reviews the latest research results in recent years and presents an overview of research progress in the field of resource allocation in wireless SemCom.

As the Internet of Things (IoT) expands globally, the challenge of signal transmission in remote regions without traditional communication infrastructure becomes prominent. An effective solution involves integrating aerial, terrestrial, and space components to form a Space–Air–Ground Integrated Network (SAGIN). This paper discusses an uplink signal scenario in which various types of data collection sensors as IoT devices use Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) as relays to forward signals to low-Earth-orbit satellites. Considering the fairness of resource allocation among IoT devices of the same category, our goal is to maximize the minimum uplink channel capacity for each category of IoT devices, which is a multi-objective optimization problem. Specifically, the variables include the deployment locations of UAVs, bandwidth allocation ratios, and the association between UAVs and IoT devices. To address this problem, we propose a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that ensures fair resource distribution among multiple parties. The algorithm is validated in eight different scenario settings and compared with various traditional multi-objective optimization algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve higher-quality Pareto fronts (PFs) and better convergence, indicating more equitable resource allocation and improved algorithmic effectiveness in addressing this issue. Moreover, these pre-prepared, high-quality solutions from PFs provide adaptability to varying requirements in signal collection scenarios.

This study proposes a ground‐based threat probability model based on a Markov chain to evaluate multiple ground threats faced by the platform during flight. On this basis, a new threat evaluation and jamming allocation system is constructed by combining the model with jamming resource allocation methods. In the threat evaluation phase, the interaction relationship between the platform and radar is represented by the transfer intensity among radar states according to the domain expert knowledge. Then, the potential state probability of radars in each time period is deduced and converted into the danger value as the objective to be optimised in the next stage. In the jamming allocation phase, the system considers some effects such as jamming technologies, multi‐channel, the uncertainty of the threatening environment and other factors, and simulates the process of ground threats. There is traversing all jamming combinations at each period to select the best jamming strategy. This study also designs a multi‐threat environment to verify the effectiveness of the system and test its relative performance improvement. Compared with the original threat evaluation and jamming allocation system, the new system has proved its feasibility and better application value.