Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a major contributor to a wide range of health complications, with cardiac hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease being among the most prevalent. Consequently, novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of hypertension are actively being explored. Recent research has highlighted a potential link between hypertension and the gut–brain axis. A bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the brain via the vagus nerve, enteric nervous system, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, secreted short-chain fatty acids, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed to identify studies exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension, along with the effects of dietary interventions and probiotics on blood pressure regulation. Discussion: Studies in both animal models and human subjects have demonstrated a strong correlation between alterations in gut microbiota composition and the development of hypertension. By influencing blood pressure, the gut microbiota can potentially affect the progression of cardiovascular and kidney disorders. Modulating gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in regulating blood pressure and reducing systemic inflammation, offering a novel approach to managing hypertension. Diets such as the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids and low in sodium, promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria that support cardiovascular health. Additionally, probiotics have been found to enhance gut barrier function, reduce inflammation, and modulate the Renin–Angiotensin System, all of which contribute to lowering blood pressure. Conclusions: Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of action of the microbiota in hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of gut microbiota on blood pressure regulation and the progression of hypertension-related complications, such as cardiovascular and kidney disorders.

Introduction: Advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) insulin delivery systems offer considerable benefits to individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in terms of glucose control and quality of life. With increasing numbers of regular users, real-life long-term data on long-term AHCL effectiveness become available.Material and methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study. We included children and young adults (age 5–25 years ) with established T1D (≥ 3 m) who started MiniMed780G therapy between January 2021 and April 2022. We excluded those naïve to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) or insulin pumps, as well as those without good-quality baseline CGM data. Included patients were followed for 12 months, with CGM and pump data retrieved from 14-day periods before transition and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following the start of automode. Clinical data (body weight, height, glycated haemoglobin concentration) were recorded from the most recent outpatient visits.Results: Among 81 patients who started AHCL therapy, 46 met the criteria for analysis (mean age 11.5 ±4.4 years, diabetes duration 4.4 ±3.6 years, mean glycated haemoglobin 7.0 ±1.0%). Over the year following transition, we noted a significant improvement in time in target range 70–180 mg/dl (TIR, baseline: 69.1 ±12.0% to 12 m: 76.9 ±8.5%, p < 0.0001) and time in tight range 70–140 mg/dl (baseline: 45.3 ±14.2% to 12 m: 53.3 ±10.4%, p < 0.0001). Time below target range 70 mg/dl (TBR70 mg/dl) decreased significantly for 24-hour records (p = 0.0020). Importantly, those improvements were not accompanied by an increase in daily dose of insulin or body mass index.Conclusions: A prolonged 12-month-long observation in a routine care setting demonstrates that for young CGM- and pump users with T1D, switch AHCL offers sustained benefits in glucose variability.