Background/Objectives: In all types of diabetes, elevated blood glucose levels cause pathological changes in skeletal muscle, primarily due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regular exercise can help mitigate these effects; however, the underlying mechanisms, particularly those involving the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on oxidative stress and the expression of mPTP components in the skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Healthy Sedentary (H-SED), Diabetic Sedentary (D-SED), and Diabetic Exercise-trained (D-EXER); n = 6 per group. The D-EXER group performed AET (0° slope) 5 days/week for 8 weeks. After the intervention period, body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured, and soleus muscles were collected and analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, Western blotting, and gene expression using qRT-PCR. Results: Following an 8-week intervention, AET reduced FBG concentrations. Accordingly, in the soleus muscles of the D-EXER group, ROS levels decreased, and redox balance was improved compared to the D-SED group. Exercise training reduced CypD and Casp9 mRNA expression and increased Bcl-2 mRNA expression, whereas Ant1 mRNA expression was only slightly altered. CypD protein expression was decreased in exercised diabetic rats, while VDAC1 protein and mRNA levels remained unchanged. In the D-EXER group, there were significant inverse correlations between CypD and Casp9 mRNA expression levels and glutathione redox state. Conclusions: The current study suggests that 8 weeks of AET, in addition to reducing hyperglycemia, may favorably influence oxidative balance and the expression of mPTP-related molecular components in diabetic skeletal muscle.

La diabetes tipo 1 (Dt1) es una enfermedad crónica autoinmunitaria que produce destrucción de las células beta pancreáticas y genera deficiencia absoluta de insulina (American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, 2025). En 2025 la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (IDF por sus cifras en inglés) estimó que en 2024 había 1.81 millones de personas menores de 20 años que vivían con Dt1 en el mundo. El abordaje clínico en niños y adolescentes debe considerar etapas del desarrollo, autonomía para el autocuidado y el entorno familiar. El control glucémico se basa en el monitoreo de glucosa en sangre (BGM) y en el uso creciente de tecnologías como los monitores continuos de glucosa (CGM), que permiten el seguimiento intensivo de la glucosa intersticial en tiempo real o retrospectivo. Esto podría permitir tomar mejores decisiones terapéuticas y facilitar tanto la educación en diabetes como la mejora en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS), la cual podemos definir como el buen funcionamiento de una persona en su vida y su bienestar percibido en los ámbitos físico, mental y social de la salud (Karimi & Brazier, 2016). Estudio prospectivo para evaluar CVRS en adolescentes mexicanos que viven con diabetes tipo 1, como nivel base para evaluar el impacto del Monitoreo Continuo de Glucosa en una submuestra de un grupo de estudio (n=10), que se intervendrá con CGM para evaluar su impacto en CVRS.