Permeability is a critical parameter of tight reservoir rocks and one of the important parameters for characterizing fluid flow and production from reservoirs. It determines the feasibility of its commercial development. SC-CO₂ has been used in shale gas exploitation for efficient fracturing and the added benefit of CO₂ geo-storage. And SC-CO₂ plays an important role in permeability evolution of shale gas reservoirs. In this paper, Firstly, the permeability characteristics of shale under CO₂ injection are discussed. The experimental results show that the relationship between permeability and gas pressure is not a single exponential relationship, but there is an obvious segmentation phenomenon, which is particularly obvious when it is close to the supercritical state, and the overall trend is first decreased and then increased. Subsequently, other specimens were selected for SC-CO₂ immersion, and nitrogen was used to calibrate and compare shale permeability before and after treatment to assess changes in shale permeability after SC-CO₂ treatment at pressures from 7.5 to 11.5 MPa and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the raw and CO₂-treated shale particle sample, respectively. Results indicate the permeability increases significantly after SC-CO₂ treated, and permeability growth is a linear function of SC-CO₂ pressure. According to (XRD) analysis and (SEM) analysis, SC-CO₂ not only can act as a solvent and dissolve carbonate minerals and clay minerals, but also can complex chemical reactions with mineral components in shale, Further dissolution of carbonate minerals and clay minerals, widened gas seepage channels and enhancing the permeability.