The article provides an overview of the design and operation of pulse jet engines, alongside a historical perspective on their development. It examines a selection of readily available fuels with diverse physicochemical properties, including methane, methanol, ethanol, gasoline, and LPG. A detailed chemical and energetic analysis of the combustion process for each fuel is conducted to determine key kinematic and thermodynamic parameters critical for the design and optimization of pulse jet engines. Computational methods and numerical tools used for simulating combustion chamber processes are discussed, with a focus on numerical analyses performed in the ANSYS environment. These simulations evaluate the impact of geometric parameters on the specific work of the engine, enabling the identification of optimal design solutions and key areas requiring further research and modifications. The study concludes by exploring potential design changes necessary for adapting pulse jet engines to operate efficiently with multiple fuel types. This includes considerations related to material selection for resistance to high temperatures and aggressive combustion conditions, as well as solutions for effective fuel distribution.

Oznaczono zawartość surfaktantów anionowych (metodą ekstrakcyjno-spektrofotometryczną MBAS) i niejonowych (metodą BiAS-tio) w wodzie pobranej w wytypowanych punktach kontrolnych na rzece Bogdance (Poznań), w okresie luty-czerwiec. W miarę przepływu rzeki Bogdanki przez Poznań zwiększała się w wodzie zawartość zarówno surfaktantów anionowych, jak i niejonowych. Dużym wahaniom podlegał również dobowy profil zmian zawartości anionowych i niejonowych związków powierzchniowo czynnych (SA: 0,042–0,202 mg/L, SN: 0,035–0,068 mg/L).

Concrete is a material widely used in the construction industry. The possibility of waste immobilization generated by modern-day industry in concrete structures sets a viable alternative to conventional waste disposal methods. Most of the existing efforts in the field of waste disposal through introducing them to concrete blends face significant limitations. In this study, research was undertaken on the leachability of selected actual industrial waste, such as volatile ashes, sewage sludge, and water sludges, along with paints and varnish containing organic solvents. The research was undertaken undertaken on both crushed and uncrushed samples. The obtained leachability results for individual contaminants (elements and compounds) were compared with current regulatory standards.

Surfactants are chemical compounds with an amphiphilic structure that, due to the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, exhibit the ability to reduce surface tension and adsorb at phase boundaries, which determines their wide application and analytical significance in environmental...

The growing interest in alternative fuels stems from the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable development. Despite the dominance of fossil fuels in aviation, pulsejet engines offer a promising platform for testing new fuels due to their simple design and fuel versatility. This study presents a multi-criteria analysis of alternative fuels for use in pulsejet engines, emphasizing environmental impacts. Both gaseous (biogas, ethyne, LPG, and natural gas) and liquid fuels (methanol, ethanol, biodiesel, Jet A-1, and SAF) were examined. Exhaust emissions (CO₂, H₂O, CO) were simulated in Ansys 2025 based on literature data and chemical calculations. Additional factors analyzed included calorific value, production cost, thermal expansion, density, life cycle emissions (LCA), CO₂ emissions per fuel mass, and renewable energy content. Using the zero-unitization method, results were normalized into a single aggregate variable for each fuel. The highest values were recorded for biogas and methanol, respectively, indicating their potential as alternative fuels. The findings support further development of sustainable fuels for pulsejet engines. Future research should address combustion optimization and noise reduction, enhancing viability in aviation and other transport sectors. Integration with the current fuel infrastructure is also recommended to facilitate broader implementation.

The variability of primary emission signals from high-pressure turbine blades originating from the same stage of an SO-3 turbojet engine was evaluated using Laser Ablation coupled with Microwave-Induced Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (LA-MIP OES). Forty turbine blades were investigated, with one analytical measurement performed for each blade. Direct solid sampling enabled multi-element analysis without chemical sample preparation. The primary emission signal intensities of nickel, molybdenum, chromium, cobalt, and aluminum were statistically evaluated using mean values, standard deviations, coefficients of variation, interquartile ranges, confidence intervals, and boxplot analysis. The coefficients of variation ranged from 3.44% to 11.60%, indicating relatively low variability of the measured emission signals among the investigated blades. The lowest variability was observed for cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum, whereas chromium exhibited the highest dispersion. The results demonstrate a high degree of uniformity of the measured emission signals and indicate the potential of LA-MIP OES for comparative assessment of turbine blade materials.