The placement of hydraulic elements in existing pool-type fishways to make them more suitable for Cyprinid fish is an issue of increasing interest in fishway research. Hydrodynamic characteristics and fish behavior at the representative pool of the fishway with bottom orifices and notches were assessed at the Dagdelen hydropower plant in the Ceyhan River Basin, Türkiye. Three-dimensional velocity measurements were taken in the pool of the fishway using an Acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The measurements were taken with and without a brush block at two different vertical distances from the bottom, which were below and above the level of bristles tips. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted for the studied fishway. The numerical model utilized Large Eddy Simulation (LES) combined with the Darcy–Forchheimer law, wherein brush blocks were represented as homogenous porous media. Our results revealed that the relative submergence of bristles in the brush block plays a very important role in velocity and Reynolds shear stress (RSS) distributions. After the placement of the submerged brush block, flow velocity and the lateral RSS component were reduced, and a resting area was created behind the brush block below the bristles’ tips. Fish movements in the pool were recorded by underwater cameras under real-time operation conditions. The heatmap analysis, which is a 2-dimensional fish spatial presence visualization technique for a specific time period, showed that Capoeta damascina avoided the areas with high turbulent fluctuations during the tests, and 61.5% of the fish presence intensity was found to be in the low Reynolds shear regions in the pool. This provides a clear case for the real-world ecological benefits of retrofitting existing pool-weir fishways with such flexible hydraulic elements.

Climate change is shifting building thermal demand from heating toward cooling, yet quantitative, design-relevant projections for semi-arid continental cities remain scarce. This study projects heating and cooling degree days (HDDs and CDDs) for Ankara, Türkiye, using ERA5-Land as the reference, and a quantile delta mapping (QDM) bias-corrected CMIP6 ensemble under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, across eight base temperatures (HDD 15–18 °C; CDD 23–26 °C) to 2100. By the far future, HDD18 decreases by 23–37% whereas CDD24 increases by +205 to +498 °C·day/year (with wide inter-model spread), and the heating degree days factor declines from 0.984 to 0.765, marking a shift toward cooling within the degree-day budget; the cooling season extends from 25 to as many as 106 days. In a deterministic −1 to +2 °C local-temperature-offset test, the direction of change persists, and the cooling design dry-bulb temperature rises by up to +7.3 °C, raising peak cooling loads. Independent 2020–2022 station observations support the HDD projections (CDD projections were not independently validated). Because a single grid cell and station cannot resolve urban canyon or local climate zone contrasts, the conclusions apply to the campus vicinity. Overall, the study translates the climate signal into HVAC-sizing and retrofit-relevant metrics for a warming semi-arid capital.

Hydrokinetic turbines are mechanisms designed for the purpose of utilizing the kinetic energy present in the movement of water bodies like rivers, tidal currents, or ocean currents, and transforming it into electrical power. These turbines’ function based on a principle akin to that of wind turbines; however, they are positioned underwater to harness the energy of the water flow. This study focuses on the fundamentals of hydrokinetic turbines and presents existing research. Additionally, simulations have been conducted to observe how the hydrokinetic turbine responds hydrodynamically inside a pipe. A three-bladed vertical-axis helical hydrokinetic turbine was installed within a circular conduit and subjected to analysis under varying flow conditions. The k-ω SST turbulence model was employed in the analyses. The results indicated that increasing the turbine's angular velocity initially raises the torque and the power coefficient until a peak is reached, after which the power coefficient decreases. The highest power coefficient was observed at a flow velocity of 2 m/s. Moreover, consistent with previous studies, the hydrokinetic turbine within the pipe surpassed the Betz limit.