To examine the impact of the strain rate on the anisotropic mechanical characteristics of single-crystal silicon, nanoindentation and micro-tensile–compression tests were performed. This study analyzed the effects of varying crystal orientations at different strain rates on load–displacement behavior, elastic modulus, hardness, fracture toughness, and true stress–strain responses. The nanoindentation results showed that at room temperature, single-crystal silicon exhibited an elastic recovery rate of approximately 42%. Notably, the elastic modulus remained unaffected by strain rate variations, whereas hardness increased with higher strain rates. Fracture toughness at room temperature displayed marked anisotropy, with the orientation exhibiting the lowest value at 0.691 MPa·m^1/2 and the orientation showing the highest one at 0.797 MPa·m^1/2. Additionally, tensile and compression experiments revealed that the fracture strength of -oriented silicon increased from 117 MPa at a strain rate of 0.001 s⁻¹ to 550 MPa at a strain rate of 0.01 s⁻¹.