This study aimed to determine the presence and prevalence of viral and parasitic infections causing high rates of colony loss in honey bee colonies in Van province, eastern Turkey. Twenty-six different apiaries were collected from five counties in Van province. These samples were tested by Reverse-Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) for acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV) and deformed wing virus (DWV). Selected positives were sequenced, phylogenetically analyzed and investigated in terms of Varroa. DWV and BQCV were identified in 69.23% (18/26) and 88.46% (23/26) of the bees respectively whereas ABPV and CBPV were not detected in the sampled apiaries. Results of the phylogenetic analysis of DWV and BQCV sequences showed 94–100% similarity to DWV and BQCV isolates obtained from Genbank. Prevalence of varroasis was 89% (23/26) in Van. The obtained samples were identified as V. Varroa destructor by morphological investigation. The study showed that viral and parasitic agents commonly infect honeybees in Van province, with high prevalence rates for BQCV and DWV. There was also a high degree of conservation of DWV and BQCV sequences distinct from DWV and BQCV isolates from other geographical regions. These findings, including current prevalence and phylogenetic analysis data for DWV, BQCV and varroazis in honeybees, are useful for future studies. .

Abortion causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry. Determination of the aetiology is important in dealing with abortions. The present study was aimed to identify selected important bacterial pathogens in the abortion cases of sheep. A total of 113 samples (105 aborted sheep foetuses, 4 placentas, and 4 vaginal swab samples) from 85 different sheep flocks were examined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) regarding Chlamydia ( C. ) spp., C. abortus , Brucella ( B .) spp., B. melitensis , Salmonella ( S. ) spp., S. Abortusovis, Coxiella ( C. ) burnetii , Listeria ( L .) spp., L. monocytogenes , and Campylobacter spp. All cases that were found to be positive for bacterial agents by RT-PCR, were examined pathologically. Tissue samples of foetuses that were found to be positive for B. melitensis and L. monocytogenes by RT-PCR were also investigated immunohistochemically. A total of 35 (30.9%) samples were found to be positive by RT-PCR, with 15 (42.8%), 9 (25.7%), 5 (14.2%), 4 (11.4%), 1 (2.8%), and 1 (2.8%) of them being identified as C. abortus , B. melitensis , S. Abortusovis, C. burnetii , L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp., respectively. The presence of the antigen was confirmed also immunohistochemically in the cases with B. melitensis and L. monocytogenes . As a consequence, C. abortus was found to cause the highest rate of sheep abortion cases, which should be taken into account when implementing control measures in epidemiological investigations.

Background: Colistin- and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) represent a critical threat in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive molecular epidemiological characterization of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii clinical isolates from a tertiary-care hospital in Kırşehir, Central Anatolia, a region previously absent from the national surveillance literature. Methods: A total of 43 non-duplicate XDR A. baumannii isolates recovered from ICU patients between November 2021 and December 2023 were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by automated systems and broth microdilution for colistin. Resistance genes, including OXA-type carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo-β-lactamases, plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1 to mcr-5), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnr, qepA, oqxAB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr), and class 1 and 2 integrons, were screened by PCR. Integron gene cassettes were characterized by sequencing. Clonal relatedness was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using ApaI digestion. Results: All 43 isolates exhibited the XDR phenotype with universal resistance to carbapenems, colistin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides (except amikacin), piperacillin, cephalosporins, and tobramycin. Amikacin susceptibility was retained in 58.1% of isolates. blaOXA-51 was detected in all isolates (100%), and blaOXA-23 was the predominant acquired carbapenemase (90.7%). Notably, blaOXA-48, a carbapenemase typically associated with Enterobacteriaceae, was identified in 3 isolates (7.0%), each belonging to a distinct pulsotype. No blaOXA-24/40, blaOXA-58, or class B metallo-β-lactamase genes were detected. ESBL genes were found in a subset of isolates, with blaCTX-M group 1 being the most prevalent (20.9%). The aac(6′)-Ib-cr gene was detected in 81.4% of isolates, and oqxA/oqxB in 60.5% and 39.5%, respectively. No mcr or classical qnr genes were identified. Class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 4.7% and 7.0% of isolates, respectively, carrying dfrA12-DUF1010-aadA2 (class 1) and dfrA1-sat-1 (class 2) gene cassettes. PFGE identified 12 pulsotypes among the typeable isolates; PT4 (n = 20, 47.6%) and PT11 (n = 8, 19.0%) were the dominant clonal clusters, together accounting for 65.1% of typeable isolates. Conclusions: This study presents one of the first comprehensive molecular epidemiological analyses of XDR A. baumannii from Central Anatolia. The dominance of OXA-23-carrying clonal lineages, the detection of blaOXA-48 in A. baumannii distributed across three distinct pulsotypes, the high prevalence of aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and the concurrent distribution of resistance determinants across genetically diverse clonal backgrounds indicate that both clonal expansion and possible horizontal gene transfer contribute to resistance dissemination in this setting. These findings underscore the need for systematic molecular surveillance and reinforced infection control strategies in ICU settings, at both the regional and national levels.

Antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance patterns of uropathogens isolated from pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria - Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

In this study, it was aimed to determine the biochemical properties, distribution of important virulence genes of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates identified from the respiratory tracts of sick and healthy cattles and sheeps. 48 (87.3%) Mannheimia haemolytica isolates from naso-pharyngeal and trachea-bronchial swaps were identified as Mannheimia haemolytica by Real Time-PCR. According to the differences in arginine and sorbitol tests, 4 different biochemical profiles were determined in the isolates examined. Three virulence gene profiles were detected in the isolates examined by Real-Time PCR. 37.5%, 33.3%, 12.5% of the isolates examined were identified as I, III and II, respectively. While all virulence-related genes were identified in the isolates with virulence gene profile II, it was determined that there were no nmaA gene in profile I isolates and nmaA and tbpB genes in profile III isolates. At the same time, it was determined that biochemical profile II was associated with disease cases and this was related to arginine negativity. In addition, it was determined that isolates with virulence gene profile I were associated only with biochemical profile I and that this was due to arginine negativity, whereas the relationship between arginine positive isolates and virulence gene profile III was found to be significant. As a result; arginine negativity and gcp, gs60, tbpB, lktC, adh positive, nmaA negative isolates may be the epidemiological criteria that can be used to differentiate commensal and pathogen Mannheimia haemolytica isolates and new studies on the subject should be done.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate glucose, AST, ALT, urea and albumin parameters in patients diagnosed with rotavirus. Materials and Methods: Children who applied to Şırnak State Hospital Pediatrics Polyclinics (6 months to 18 years of age), whose fecal samples were sent to the laboratory by the pediatrician considering the diagnosis of rotavirus, and whose microbiological examinations were confirmed by immunochromatographic methods (6 months to 18 years), were included in the study by scanning the system. Results: When the mean ages of glucose, ALT, AST, urea, and albumin data of the rotavirus negative group were evaluated, they were found to be 1.82±2.66, 1.77±2.72, 1.76±2.72, 1.69±2.68, 1.87±2.88, respectively. and in rotavirus positives, respectively; It was found to be 1.16±1.35, 1.09±1.31, 1.09±1.31, 1.10±1.32, 1.11±1.30. While the median values of glucose, AST, ALT, urea and albumin in rotavirus negatives were 84 mg/dl, 36 U/L, 19 U/L, 14 mg/dL, 3.79 g/dL, respectively, the median values in rotavirus positives were 75 mg, respectively. /dL, 45 U/L, 26 U/L, 18 mg/dL, 3.98 g/dL were detected. All parameters were statistically significant (p