This study evaluates the effectiveness and financial impact of treating anoestrus dairy cows using a modified DO protocol. Among the 350 cows included in the study, 142 (40.6%) were identified as anoestrus. The average daily milk production, days in milk at artificial insemination (AI), number of AIs, and parity were 33.8 ± 6.8 kg, 152.6 ± 24.4 days, 1.3 ± 0.2 AIs, and 1.9 ± 0.8 lactations, respectively. To assess embryo survival in anoestrus dairy cows undergoing the modified DO protocol, two groups were established. The experimental group (E group, n = 74) received the GnRH agonist gonadorelin five days after TAI as part of the DO protocol. The control group (C group, n = 68) received only the DO protocol. The pregnancy rates and cumulative pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the E group (35.1% and 56.8%) compared with the C group (26.5% and 45.6%, p < 0.05). A binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the interaction between treatment and anoestrus status considerably affected the pregnancy rate (p < 0.001) and the occurrence of accessory corpus luteum (aCL, p < 0.0001). The UW-DairyRepro$ decision support tool utilized in this study, indicated that implementing this approach could increase the net present value (NPV) by USD 54.2/anoestrus cow/year.

Mammary tumors in canines are benign or malignant neoplastic formations that develop from the epithelial and/or mesenchymal tissue of the mammary gland. They are characterized by abnormal, autonomous, and progressive cell proliferation, frequently influenced by hormonal factors (estrogens and progesterone), with variable potential for local invasion and metastasis. During the research, the most frequent cases by age were recorded in females aged 10-12 years. In September, most cases occured in the 10-12 age group (43.75%) with 7 cases, followed by the 12-15 age group (31.25%) with 5 cases. Only 2 cases were recorded in both the 5-10 age group (12.5%) and 15-20 age group (12.5%), while no cases were recorded in dogs under 5 years of age. In October of the same study year, statistics showed that of the 20 cases diagnosed during the year, most were recorded in the 10-12 age group (9 cases, or 45.0%) and in the 12-15 age group (7 cases, or 35.0%), followed by the 5-10 and 15-20 age groups, with 2 cases each, or 10.0%.

Reproductive disorders, through their various clinical manifestations, are of particular economic importance, as they cause significant losses in animal husbandry. Inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract are major determinants of the profitability of all cows kept in the intensive system. The basic criterion for any farmer is to obtain a conception product each year, i.e. a calving interval of 365 days or less. In the case of dairy cows, insemination and the establishment of new gestation take place during lactation, except in heifers. Research has shown that lactation and reinstallation of gestation must overlap perfectly in order for the economic benefits to be present. In the herd of the unit taken under study, 74 females with retained placenta and 94 cows with acute endometritis were detected during the investigation years 2023-2024. In acute endometritis, in the first year of study (2023), a frequency of 50 cases (15.1%) was recorded, and in 2024, 44 cows. In the case of acute endometritis, there is a decrease from 6.0% in spring to 0.6% in the fall season. In case of retained placenta, a decrease from 4.5% in spring to 1.5% in the fall season is observed. In the second year of investigation (2024) the frequency of puerperal disorders is lower compared to 2023. Comparing the same period with the year 2023 during the spring 20 cases (6.0%) of acute endometritis were reported while in the year 2024 15 cases (4.5%) of acute endometritis were diagnosed.

Mammary tumors in cats are benign or malignant neoplastic formations characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cellular proliferation, often influenced by hormonal factors such as estrogen and progesterone. These tumors differ in their potential for local invasion and metastatic dissemination. In September, most diagnosed cases occurred in females over 8 years of age (50.0%; 3 cases), followed by those aged 5–8 years (33.3%; 2 cases). Only one case (16.6%) was identified in the 3–5-year age group, and no cases were recorded in cats younger than 3 years. In October of the same year, of the 10 cases documented, the majority were again identified in females over 8 years of age (5 cases; 50.0%), followed by the 5–8-year age group (3 cases; 30.0%). The 3–5-year category accounted for 2 cases (20.0%). Similar to the previous month, in October, no mammary tumors were reported in cats under 3 years of age. It is noteworthy that unspayed females exhibit a significantly higher predisposition to such gynecological pathologies. Across the two months analyzed—September and October 2025—only 5 cats diagnosed with mammary tumors (45.5%) were spayed, whereas 11 (54.5%) were unspayed.

Reproductive performance in dairy cows has become increasingly challenging due to the demands of intensified milk production. This surge in productivity has led to significant physiological strain on the animals, resulting in a notable decline in fertility rates. Thus, high-yielding cows are often predisposed to reproductive challenges, such as delayed resumption of ovarian cyclicity, cystic ovarian disease, and anovulation, which decrease conception rates. These disorders are closely linked to the metabolic stress and hormonal imbalances associated with intensive milk production. Controlling ovarian function through timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols has become an essential strategy for addressing various challenges. Protocols like Ovsynch, Presynch, Double Ovsynch, and other TAI protocols allow precise synchronization of ovulation. This approach reduces the dependence on estrus detection. In addition, the incorporation of progestative devices further supports luteal function and enhances reproductive outcomes. In parallel, advanced assisted reproduction techniques, including embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization, expand the options available for genetic improvement and reduce the gap between generations. While metabolic status and individual variation in ovarian response can influence the outcomes of TAI protocols, continual advancements in protocol development and reproductive management strategies are enhancing cow fertility. Integrating TAI protocols with assisted reproduction techniques can significantly enhance fertility management in dairy cows, supporting farm profitability.