Introduction: Academic burnout is emerging as an essential obstacle in education process. Students of the most challenging fields of study with high degrees of stress are thought to be at the highest risk. Medical studies are considered one of them. The aim of the study was to measure the levels of academic burnout, stress and gratitude among Polish medical students of Medical University of Lublin, and determine their styles of coping with stress. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire comprised of the following: Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (MBI-SS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), a Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and a Gratitude Questionnaire Six-Item form (GQ-6). The data was obtained from 773 medical students. Results: Total number of 169 students (21.86%) met criteria for academic burnout. When it comes to 354 participants, they displayed signs of low self-esteem (45.8%). The number of 18 students showed low level of gratitude, while gratitude level of the majority of them – 496 (64.17%) was high. The most common style of coping with stress was emotions-oriented style – 354 students (48.29%), followed by task-oriented style – 345 students (47.07%). Burnout subscales turned out to be associated with age, year of study, self-esteem, gratitude and different styles of coping with stress to the various extent. Conclusions: The prevalence of academic burnout among Polish medical students is high compared with general population across various occupations. Utilisation of protective characteristics of high self-esteem, gratitude and healthy coping methods can result in development of efficient anti-burnout prevention strategies and intervention tools.

Background/Objectives: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a chronic eating disorder with the highest mortality rate among psychiatric conditions. Malnutrition and starvation lead to long-term impairments in metabolic processes, hormonal regulation, and immune function, offering potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This study aimed to identify immune–metabolic–hormonal markers associated with treatment response and nutritional rehabilitation. Methods: Fifty hospitalized female patients with AN were included. Anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were collected at admission and discharge, following partial nutritional recovery. Blood analyses included complete blood count, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, triglycerides, glucose, NT-pro-BNP, TSH, free thyroxine (fT4), sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, iron, and vitamin D. Composite immune-inflammatory indices calculated were neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR); neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein (NHR), monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (MHR), platelet-to-high-density lipoprotein (PHR) and lymphocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein (LHR) ratios; systemic immune-inflammation (SII), and systemic inflammation response (SIRI) indexes. Results: Responders (R) and non-responders (NR) differed significantly at baseline in levels of sodium, chloride, fT4, monocyte count, MCV, NLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI (all: R < NR; p < 0.05). Predictive ability for treatment response was confirmed by AUC values (95%CI): sodium = 0.791 (0.622–0.960), chloride = 0.820 (0.690–0.950), fT4 = 0.781 (0.591–0.972), monocytes = 0.785 (0.643–0.927), MCV = 0.721 (0.549–0.892), NLR = 0.745 (0.578–0.913), MLR = 0.785 (0.643–0.927), SII = 0.736 (0.562–0.911), SIRI = 0.803 (0.671–0.935). The lower levels of inflammation and chloride are particularly predictive of better nutritional recovery, accounting for 26% of the variability in treatment response. Conclusions: The study demonstrated important insights into the hematological, metabolic, hormonal, and immune-inflammatory mechanisms associated with nutritional recovery in AN.

Background/Objectives: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a chronic eating disorder with the highest mortality rate among psychiatric conditions. Malnutrition and starvation lead to long-term impairments in metabolic processes, hormonal regulation, and immune function, offering potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This study aimed to identify immune-metabolic-hormonal markers associated with treatment response and nutritional rehabilitation. Methods: Fifty hospitalized female patients with AN were included. Anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were collected at admission and discharge, following partial nutritional recovery. Blood analyses included complete blood count, serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, triglycerides, glucose, NT-proBNP, TSH, free thyroxine (fT4), sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, iron, and vitamin D. Composite immune-inflammatory indices calculated were: NLR, MLR, PLR, SII, SIRI, NHR, MHR, PHR, and LHR. Results: Responders (R) and non-responders (NR) differed significantly at baseline in levels of: sodium, chloride, fT4, monocyte count, MCV, NLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI (all: R<NR; p<0.05). Predictive ability for treatment response was confirmed by AUC values (95%CI): sodium=0.791(0.622–0.960), chloride=0.820 (0.690–0.950), fT4=0.781(0.591–0.972), monocytes=0.785(0.643–0.927), MCV=0.721 (0.549–0.892), NLR=0.745(0.578–0.913), MLR=0.785(0.643–0.927), SII=0.736(0.562–0.911), SIRI=0.803 (0.671–0.935). The lower levels of inflammation and chloride are particularly predictive of better nutritional recovery, accounting for 26% of the variability in treatment response. Conclusions: The study demonstrated important insights into the hematological, metabolic, hormonal, and immune-inflammatory mechanisms associated with nutritional recovery in AN.

Mindfulness, as a practice of focusing one’s attention on the present moment without evaluating, is used in mindfulness based interventions (MBI) therapy. Traditionally, these sessions are conducted in person. At this moment, we are witnessing a global trend in which patients are turning to technology and are looking for alternative, more convenient solutions. There are studies assessing the effectiveness of mindfulness training conducted in a new unconventional way, which is using an application installed on patient's smartphone. This paper discusses possible benefits of online conducted mindfulness sessions.