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Wei Zhang
School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China

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Article
Published: 24 March 2021 in Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation
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Oil downhole metal pipe wall thickness measurement is of great importance for pipe evaluation and maintenance. Regular pipe inspection can be used to prevent pipe failure, which could otherwise lead to major failure and financial loss. In this paper, a low-frequency remote field eddy current (RFEC) based internal testing approach is presented, and the analytical solutions of the RFEC electromagnetic equation are obtained based on Dodd and Cheng’s method. Meanwhile, induced voltage under different low frequencies is analyzed, and proper frequencies are chosen for follow-up calculations. For reducing the inspection time of pipe thickness measurement, quasi-Newton’s method (QNM) is implemented based on the deduced solutions. Experimental results indicate that the RFEC and QNM based method is feasible for metal pipe thickness measurement. Pipe thickness is obtained accurately, and the lift-off effect, which has a considerable influence on eddy current testing results, is effectively overcome. The proposed method achieves pipe thickness measurement with proper accuracy and reduction in inspection time.

ACS Style

Hu Sun; Yibing Shi; Wei Zhang; Yanjun Li. RFEC Based Oil Downhole Metal Pipe Thickness Measurement. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 2021, 40, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Hu Sun, Yibing Shi, Wei Zhang, Yanjun Li. RFEC Based Oil Downhole Metal Pipe Thickness Measurement. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation. 2021; 40 (2):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu Sun; Yibing Shi; Wei Zhang; Yanjun Li. 2021. "RFEC Based Oil Downhole Metal Pipe Thickness Measurement." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 40, no. 2: 1-9.

Research article
Published: 16 March 2021 in Earth Science Informatics
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Image well logging is an intuitive approach to identify fractures of reservoir for oil and gas exploration. However, these logging images are rare and nonannotated. A method of unsupervised segmentation network based on convolutional neural network is adopted to automatically extract pixels pertaining to fracture information in this paper. We propose a modified model to accomplish domain adaptation from the source domain with similar fractures information to the target domain, which can improve the accuracy of fracture recognition. The network is trained in the source domain with ground truth and tested in the target domain without any labels. Compared with the experimental results of other classical methods, this method has demonstrated satisfactory performances in terms of accuracy and visual quality even if the logging image dataset is insufficient.

ACS Style

Wei Zhang; Tong Wu; Zhipeng Li; Shiyuan Liu; Ao Qiu; Yanjun Li; Yibing Shi. Fracture recognition in ultrasonic logging images via unsupervised segmentation network. Earth Science Informatics 2021, 14, 955 -964.

AMA Style

Wei Zhang, Tong Wu, Zhipeng Li, Shiyuan Liu, Ao Qiu, Yanjun Li, Yibing Shi. Fracture recognition in ultrasonic logging images via unsupervised segmentation network. Earth Science Informatics. 2021; 14 (2):955-964.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zhang; Tong Wu; Zhipeng Li; Shiyuan Liu; Ao Qiu; Yanjun Li; Yibing Shi. 2021. "Fracture recognition in ultrasonic logging images via unsupervised segmentation network." Earth Science Informatics 14, no. 2: 955-964.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
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With high temporal resolution demand under noise contamination, the travel time estimation for the pulse-echo is noticed in acoustic logging instrument design. To this end, an intelligent ultrasonic logging system is built to collect borehole information, and a framework with domain adaptation theory is proposed. The modified maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) minimization combined with Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) is constructed on different deep neural networks (DNN), where the transfer from the micro-seismic P-wave picking to the estimation of echo travel time is achieved. Versus the conventional travel time extraction algorithms, the proposed scheme improves the picking accuracy to 83.55% of the 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Experiments over the ultrasonic logging tool demonstrate the feasibility of the confusion domain, the effectiveness of travel time estimation, and the versatility of algorithm application.

ACS Style

Xuyang Gao; Yibing Shi; Qi Zhu; Zhipeng Li; Hu Sun; Zhenqiu Yao; Wei Zhang. Domain Adaptation in Intelligent Ultrasonic Logging Tool: From Microseismic to Pulse-Echo. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2021, 70, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Xuyang Gao, Yibing Shi, Qi Zhu, Zhipeng Li, Hu Sun, Zhenqiu Yao, Wei Zhang. Domain Adaptation in Intelligent Ultrasonic Logging Tool: From Microseismic to Pulse-Echo. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 2021; 70 (99):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuyang Gao; Yibing Shi; Qi Zhu; Zhipeng Li; Hu Sun; Zhenqiu Yao; Wei Zhang. 2021. "Domain Adaptation in Intelligent Ultrasonic Logging Tool: From Microseismic to Pulse-Echo." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70, no. 99: 1-14.

Letter
Published: 05 January 2021 in Electronics
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The determination of ultrasonic echo signal onset time is the core of performing the time difference method to calculate wind speed. However, in practical cases, background noise makes precise determination extremely difficult. This paper carries out research on the accurate determination of onset time, exploring the advantages of an improved method based on the combination of Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) and high-order statistics (kurtosis). Performing Hilbert-Huang Transform to the received wave is aimed at determining a rough arrival time, around which a fixed size of data is extracted as initial sample to avoid a false pick. Then the fourth-order kurtosis of a smaller sample, extracted successively by a moving window from the initial sample, is calculated. The minimum point corresponds to the initial onset time. This approach was tested on a real ultrasonic echo signal dataset, acquired in a wind tunnel with an ultrasonic anemometer. The proposed method showed satisfying results in both ideal cases and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment, compared with traditional onset time determination approaches, including Akaike Information Criterion (AIC-picker), Short-term Average over Long-term Average (STA/LTA), and Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO). The experimental results acquired by the HHT-kurtosis method demonstrated that the proposed method possesses a high accuracy.

ACS Style

Shiyuan Liu; Zhipeng Li; Tong Wu; Wei Zhang. Determining Ultrasound Arrival Time by HHT and Kurtosis in Wind Speed Measurement. Electronics 2021, 10, 93 .

AMA Style

Shiyuan Liu, Zhipeng Li, Tong Wu, Wei Zhang. Determining Ultrasound Arrival Time by HHT and Kurtosis in Wind Speed Measurement. Electronics. 2021; 10 (1):93.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shiyuan Liu; Zhipeng Li; Tong Wu; Wei Zhang. 2021. "Determining Ultrasound Arrival Time by HHT and Kurtosis in Wind Speed Measurement." Electronics 10, no. 1: 93.

Letter
Published: 04 December 2020 in Sensors
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In the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT), robust and accurate detection of defects is a challenging task because of the attenuation and noising of the ultrasonic wave from the structure. For determining the reflection characteristics representing the position and amplitude of ultrasonic detection signals, sparse blind deconvolution methods have been implemented to separate overlapping echoes when the ultrasonic transducer impulse response is unknown. This letter introduces the l1/l2 ratio regularization function to model the deconvolution as a nonconvex optimization problem. The initialization influences the accuracy of estimation and, for this purpose, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) combined with blind gain calibration is used to find the initial approximation to the real solution, given multiple observations in a joint sparsity case. The proximal alternating linearized minimization (PALM) algorithm is embedded in the iterate solution, in which the majorize-minimize (MM) approach accelerates convergence. Compared with conventional blind deconvolution algorithms, the proposed methods demonstrate the robustness and capability of separating overlapping echoes in the context of synthetic experiments.

ACS Style

Xuyang Gao; Yibing Shi; Kai Du; Qi Zhu; Wei Zhang. Sparse Blind Deconvolution with Nonconvex Optimization for Ultrasonic NDT Application. Sensors 2020, 20, 6946 .

AMA Style

Xuyang Gao, Yibing Shi, Kai Du, Qi Zhu, Wei Zhang. Sparse Blind Deconvolution with Nonconvex Optimization for Ultrasonic NDT Application. Sensors. 2020; 20 (23):6946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuyang Gao; Yibing Shi; Kai Du; Qi Zhu; Wei Zhang. 2020. "Sparse Blind Deconvolution with Nonconvex Optimization for Ultrasonic NDT Application." Sensors 20, no. 23: 6946.

Letter
Published: 09 September 2020 in Sensors
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An ultrasonic sensors system is commonly used to measure the wall thickness of buried pipelines in the transportation of oil and gas. The key of the system is to precisely measure time-of-flight difference (TOFD) produced by the reflection of ultrasonic on the inner and outer surfaces of the pipelines. In this paper, based on deep learning, a novel method termed Wave-Transform Network is proposed to tackle the issues. The network consists of two parts: part 1 is designed to separate the potential overlapping ultrasonic echo signals generated from two surfaces, and part 2 is utilized to divide the sample points of each signal into two types corresponding to before and after the arrival time of ultrasonic echo, which can determine the time-of-flight (TOF) of each signal and calculate the thickness of pipelines. Numerical simulation and actual experiments are carried out, and the results show satisfactory performances.

ACS Style

Zhipeng Li; Tong Wu; Wei Zhang; Xuyang Gao; Zhenqiu Yao; Yanjun Li; Yibing Shi. A Study on Determining Time-Of-Flight Difference of Overlapping Ultrasonic Signal: Wave-Transform Network. Sensors 2020, 20, 5140 .

AMA Style

Zhipeng Li, Tong Wu, Wei Zhang, Xuyang Gao, Zhenqiu Yao, Yanjun Li, Yibing Shi. A Study on Determining Time-Of-Flight Difference of Overlapping Ultrasonic Signal: Wave-Transform Network. Sensors. 2020; 20 (18):5140.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhipeng Li; Tong Wu; Wei Zhang; Xuyang Gao; Zhenqiu Yao; Yanjun Li; Yibing Shi. 2020. "A Study on Determining Time-Of-Flight Difference of Overlapping Ultrasonic Signal: Wave-Transform Network." Sensors 20, no. 18: 5140.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Review of Scientific Instruments
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Pulsed eddy current has attracted increasing attention to ferromagnetic metal material evaluation since it possesses low power consumption and abundant frequency spectrum advantages. However, when a current source is applied to generate the pulse excitation signal in eddy current testing, the inductance of driver coil induces a large reverse electromotive force in the excitation circuit, which distorts the pulse excitation signal as the excitation circuit hardly satisfies the severe power and stability requirements for counteracting the reverse induced electromotive force. Therefore, a pulsed eddy current field excited by a voltage-driven coil placed concentrically to a ferromagnetic casing is studied, and the analytic solutions of it are formulated in this paper. In contrast to current source based pulsed eddy current testing methods, the electromotive force induced by the coil’s inductance and eddy current is analyzed. Furthermore, a new pulse excitation function is adopted and induced electromotive force equations of pick-up coils are formulated based on the superposition principle of magnetic field. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by experiments.

ACS Style

Hu Sun; Yibing Shi; Wei Zhang. Time-domain modeling analysis of pulsed eddy current testing on ferromagnetic casing. Review of Scientific Instruments 2020, 91, 094702 .

AMA Style

Hu Sun, Yibing Shi, Wei Zhang. Time-domain modeling analysis of pulsed eddy current testing on ferromagnetic casing. Review of Scientific Instruments. 2020; 91 (9):094702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu Sun; Yibing Shi; Wei Zhang. 2020. "Time-domain modeling analysis of pulsed eddy current testing on ferromagnetic casing." Review of Scientific Instruments 91, no. 9: 094702.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2020 in IEEE Access
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In this paper, we investigate the channel estimation and decoding methods exploiting the channel sparsity in pilot-assisted Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Vector Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (V-OFDM) systems. Based on the sparse multipath channels, we utilize orthogonal and non-orthogonal pilot schemes to design the compressed sensing (CS) measurement process. For the optimization of the sensing matrix, we discuss the influence of pilot search algorithms and evaluation criteria and propose a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based pilot search algorithm with the simplified evaluation criterion to improve the pilot design procedure. Meanwhile, the effect of pilot insertion on the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is reduced by a particular precoding matrix method without affecting the decoding complexity. Simulation data are used to evaluate the classical sparsity adaptive matching (SAMP) algorithms and the proposed Variable Threshold SAMP (VTSAMP) algorithm, and the results show that the improved method has higher channel estimation accuracy with unknown sparsity. On the other hand, to overcome the complexity of CS-based decoding, we design the fully connected Deep Neural Network (FC-DNN) decoders, which combine the results of channel estimation results with the prevalent neural network technology. We observe that when the sparse channels are estimated accurately by CS methods, the proposed FC-DNN can achieve the same performance as the high-precision linear decoder by using the time-domain pilots and channel estimation results.

ACS Style

Wei Zhang; Xuyang Gao; Zhipeng Li; Yibing Shi. Pilot-Assisted MIMO-V-OFDM Systems: Compressed Sensing and Deep Learning Approaches. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 7142 -7159.

AMA Style

Wei Zhang, Xuyang Gao, Zhipeng Li, Yibing Shi. Pilot-Assisted MIMO-V-OFDM Systems: Compressed Sensing and Deep Learning Approaches. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):7142-7159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zhang; Xuyang Gao; Zhipeng Li; Yibing Shi. 2020. "Pilot-Assisted MIMO-V-OFDM Systems: Compressed Sensing and Deep Learning Approaches." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 7142-7159.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2020 in Sensors
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The time-difference method is a common one for measuring wind speed ultrasonically, and its core is the precise arrival-time determination of the ultrasonic echo signal. However, because of background noise and different types of ultrasonic sensors, it is difficult to measure the arrival time of the echo signal accurately in practice. In this paper, a method based on the wavelet transform (WT) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) is proposed for determining the arrival time of the echo signal. First, the time-frequency distribution of the echo signal is obtained by using the determined WT and rough arrival time. After setting up a time window around the rough arrival time point, the BIC function is calculated in the time window, and the arrival time is determined by using the BIC function. The proposed method is tested in a wind tunnel with an ultrasonic anemometer. The experimental results show that, even in the low-signal-to-noise-ratio area, the deviation between mostly measured values and preset standard values is mostly within 5 μs, and the standard deviation of measured wind speed is within 0.2 m/s.

ACS Style

Wei Zhang; Zhipeng Li; Xuyang Gao; Yanjun Li; Yibing Shi. Arrival-Time Detection in Wind-Speed Measurement: Wavelet Transform and Bayesian Information Criteria. Sensors 2020, 20, 269 .

AMA Style

Wei Zhang, Zhipeng Li, Xuyang Gao, Yanjun Li, Yibing Shi. Arrival-Time Detection in Wind-Speed Measurement: Wavelet Transform and Bayesian Information Criteria. Sensors. 2020; 20 (1):269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zhang; Zhipeng Li; Xuyang Gao; Yanjun Li; Yibing Shi. 2020. "Arrival-Time Detection in Wind-Speed Measurement: Wavelet Transform and Bayesian Information Criteria." Sensors 20, no. 1: 269.

Letter
Published: 23 August 2018 in Sensors
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Remote Field Eddy Current Testing (RFECT) has broad applications in ferromagnetic pipe testing due to the same testing sensitivity to inner and outer wall defects. However, how to quantify wall thickness in the RFECT of pipes is still a big problem. According to researchers’ studies, a linear relationship exists between the wall thickness, permeability and conductivity of a pipe and the phase of the RFECT signal. Aiming to quantify wall thickness by using this linear function, it is necessary to further study the effects of pipe permeability and conductivity on the phase of the RFECT signal. When the product value of the permeability and the conductivity of a pipe remains constant, the univariate analysis and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are employed to analyze the variations among the phase of the RFECT signal caused by different couples of permeability and conductivity. These variations are calibrated by using a nonlinear fitting method. Moreover, Multi-Frequency Eddy Current Testing (MFECT) is applied to inverse the permeability and conductivity of a pipe to compensate for the quantification analysis of wall thickness. The methods proposed in this paper are validated by analyzing the simulation signals and can improve the practicality of RFECT of ferromagnetic pipes.

ACS Style

Wei Zhang; Yibing Shi; Yanjun Li; Qingwang Luo. A Study of Quantifying Thickness of Ferromagnetic Pipes Based on Remote Field Eddy Current Testing. Sensors 2018, 18, 2769 .

AMA Style

Wei Zhang, Yibing Shi, Yanjun Li, Qingwang Luo. A Study of Quantifying Thickness of Ferromagnetic Pipes Based on Remote Field Eddy Current Testing. Sensors. 2018; 18 (9):2769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zhang; Yibing Shi; Yanjun Li; Qingwang Luo. 2018. "A Study of Quantifying Thickness of Ferromagnetic Pipes Based on Remote Field Eddy Current Testing." Sensors 18, no. 9: 2769.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2017 in DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science
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Undergraduate graduation design is not only an important procedure of college students to achieve basic professional training, fulfill the train objectives, and comprehensively improve the quality of human resources, but also a good way to test the students' practical skills and research capabilities. After analyzing the current situation of the college graduation design management, a way which is based on research group management to improve the quality of the graduate design is presented in this paper. It can fully make use of the teaching resources, maximize the initiative ability of the college student, and cultivate high-quality compound talented persons.

ACS Style

Wei Zhang; Yi-Bing Shi; Yan-Jun Li. Research and Practice of Scientific Research Team Management Mode in Undergraduate Graduation Design. DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Wei Zhang, Yi-Bing Shi, Yan-Jun Li. Research and Practice of Scientific Research Team Management Mode in Undergraduate Graduation Design. DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science. 2017; (meit):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zhang; Yi-Bing Shi; Yan-Jun Li. 2017. "Research and Practice of Scientific Research Team Management Mode in Undergraduate Graduation Design." DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science , no. meit: 1.

Letter
Published: 05 May 2017 in Sensors
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Pulsed Remote Field Eddy Current Testing (PRFECT) attracts the attention in the testing of ferromagnetic pipes because of its continuous spectrum. This paper simulated the practical PRFECT of pipes by using ANSYS software and employed Least Squares Support Vector Regression (LSSVR) to extract the zero-crossing time to analyze the pipe thickness. As a result, a secondary peak is found in zero-crossing time when transmitter passed by a defect. The secondary peak will lead to wrong quantification and the localization of defects, especially when defects are found only at the transmitter location. Aiming to eliminate the secondary peaks, double sensing coils are set in the transition zone and Wiener deconvolution filter is applied. In the proposed method, position dependent response of the differential signals from the double sensing coils is calibrated by employing zero-mean normalization. The methods proposed in this paper are validated by analyzing the simulation signals and can improve the practicality of PRFECT of ferromagnetic pipes.

ACS Style

Qingwang Luo; Yibing Shi; Zhigang Wang; Wei Zhang; Yanjun Li. A Study of Applying Pulsed Remote Field Eddy Current in Ferromagnetic Pipes Testing. Sensors 2017, 17, 1038 .

AMA Style

Qingwang Luo, Yibing Shi, Zhigang Wang, Wei Zhang, Yanjun Li. A Study of Applying Pulsed Remote Field Eddy Current in Ferromagnetic Pipes Testing. Sensors. 2017; 17 (5):1038.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qingwang Luo; Yibing Shi; Zhigang Wang; Wei Zhang; Yanjun Li. 2017. "A Study of Applying Pulsed Remote Field Eddy Current in Ferromagnetic Pipes Testing." Sensors 17, no. 5: 1038.

Research article
Published: 01 March 2017 in IET Communications
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To achieve real-time and high-speed communication between the surface and the bottom hole, acoustic communication along drill strings has become the most promising method for the efficient utilisation of oil fields. Vector orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (V-OFDM) is a general transmission scheme that has two special forms, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and single carrier frequency domain equalisation. Owing to its flexibility regarding the size of the vector block, it can be adapted to meet different requirements. In this study, the authors first employ V-OFDM modulation in uplink and downlink acoustic communication. Aiming for mass-data transmission and a simple transmitter in the uplink, small-data transmission and a simple receiver in the downlink, and strong noise interference, they investigate the transmission performance with different synchronisation timing errors and detection schemes, zero-forcing and the minimum mean square error. Simulation and circuit test results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed different transmission schemes and the corresponding performance analysis.

ACS Style

Dong Ma; Yibing Shi; Wei Zhang; Guozhen Liu. Performance analysis of V‐OFDM for acoustic communication along drill strings. IET Communications 2017, 11, 576 -583.

AMA Style

Dong Ma, Yibing Shi, Wei Zhang, Guozhen Liu. Performance analysis of V‐OFDM for acoustic communication along drill strings. IET Communications. 2017; 11 (4):576-583.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong Ma; Yibing Shi; Wei Zhang; Guozhen Liu. 2017. "Performance analysis of V‐OFDM for acoustic communication along drill strings." IET Communications 11, no. 4: 576-583.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2013 in Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
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Aiming at the problem to diagnose incipient faults in weak nonlinear analog circuits, an approach is presented in this paper. The approach calculates the fractional Volterra correlation functions beforehand. The next step is to use the fractional Volterra correlation functions and different angle parameters of the fractional wavelet packet transform (FRWPT) to extract the fault signatures. Meanwhile, the computational complexity is analyzed. Then the variables of the fault signatures are constructed, which are used to form the observation sequences of the hidden Markov model (HMM). HMM is used to accomplish the fault diagnosis. The simulations show that the presented method can significantly improve the incipient fault diagnosis capability. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

ACS Style

Yibing Shi; Yong Deng; Wei Zhang. Diagnosis of Incipient Faults in Weak Nonlinear Analog Circuits. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 2013, 32, 2151 -2170.

AMA Style

Yibing Shi, Yong Deng, Wei Zhang. Diagnosis of Incipient Faults in Weak Nonlinear Analog Circuits. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing. 2013; 32 (5):2151-2170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yibing Shi; Yong Deng; Wei Zhang. 2013. "Diagnosis of Incipient Faults in Weak Nonlinear Analog Circuits." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 32, no. 5: 2151-2170.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2012 in Metrology and Measurement Systems
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While the Slope Fault Model method can solve the soft-fault diagnosis problem in linear analog circuit effectively, the challenging tolerance problem is still unsolved. In this paper, a proposed Normal Quotient Distribution approach was combined with the Slope Fault Model to handle the tolerances problem in soft-fault diagnosis for analog circuit. Firstly, the principle of the Slope Fault Model is presented, and the huge computation of traditional Slope Fault Characteristic set was reduced greatly by the elimination of superfluous features. Several typical tolerance handling methods on the ground of the Slope Fault Model were compared. Then, the approximating distribution function of the Slope Fault Characteristic was deduced and sufficient conditions were given to improve the approximation accuracy. The monotonous and continuous mapping between Normal Quotient Distribution and standard normal distribution was proved. Thus the estimation formulas about the ranges of the Slope Fault Characteristic were deduced. After that, a new test-nodes selection algorithm based on the reduced Slope Fault Characteristic ranges set was designed. Finally, two numerical experiments were done to illustrate the proposed approach and demonstrate its effectiveness.

ACS Style

Yongcai Ao; Yibing Shi; Wei Zhang; Xifeng Li. A Novel Method of Handling Tolerances for Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis Based on Normal Quotient Distribution. Metrology and Measurement Systems 2012, 19, 817 -830.

AMA Style

Yongcai Ao, Yibing Shi, Wei Zhang, Xifeng Li. A Novel Method of Handling Tolerances for Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis Based on Normal Quotient Distribution. Metrology and Measurement Systems. 2012; 19 (4):817-830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongcai Ao; Yibing Shi; Wei Zhang; Xifeng Li. 2012. "A Novel Method of Handling Tolerances for Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis Based on Normal Quotient Distribution." Metrology and Measurement Systems 19, no. 4: 817-830.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in Metrology and Measurement Systems
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ACS Style

Wei Zhang; Longfu Zhou; Yibing Shi; Chengti Huang; Yanjun Li. Soft-Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuit with Tolerance Using FNLP. Metrology and Measurement Systems 2010, 17, 349 -361.

AMA Style

Wei Zhang, Longfu Zhou, Yibing Shi, Chengti Huang, Yanjun Li. Soft-Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuit with Tolerance Using FNLP. Metrology and Measurement Systems. 2010; 17 (3):349-361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Zhang; Longfu Zhou; Yibing Shi; Chengti Huang; Yanjun Li. 2010. "Soft-Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuit with Tolerance Using FNLP." Metrology and Measurement Systems 17, no. 3: 349-361.