This paper aims to investigate the strengthening mechanism of laser shock peening on the interfacial bonding properties between TiN coatings and TC4 titanium alloy substrates. The different surface textures were induced by LSP on a TC4 titanium alloy substrate. Subsequently, titanium nitride (TiN) coatings were deposited on the surface texture. A scratch test and reciprocating sliding wear assessment were conducted to evaluate the impact of LSP on the interfacial bonding properties and wear performance of the coatings. The experimental results demonstrated that the adhesion of TiN coatings deposited on the surface texture formed by laser shock peening was significantly enhanced. The efficacy of laser shock treatment in reducing wear rates was found to be significantly enhanced in cases of both increased spot overlapping rate and increased laser power density. The surface texture created using laser parameters of 6.43 GW/cm² and a 50% overlapping rate was found to have the most significant effect on improving the adhesion and anti-wear properties of the coating. The laser shock texture was identified as the main contributor to this improvement, providing a large interfacial contact area and a mechanical bond between the coating and the substrate. This bond inhibited the initiation and propagation of micro-cracks caused by the concentration of internal stress and interfacial stress of the coating.

The aim was to investigate the impact of laser parameters on the surface morphology of ablated graphene and elucidate the interaction mechanism between carbon materials and femtosecond lasers. A pulsed laser with a wavelength of 1030 nm is employed to infer the ablation threshold of the surface and interface of graphene coatings formed through ultrasonic spraying. The ablation threshold of the coating–substrate interface is verified by numerical simulation. Incorporating the data of groove width and depth obtained from a three-dimensional profilometer and finite element simulation, an in-depth analysis of the threshold conditions of laser ablation in coating materials is accomplished. The results indicate that when the femtosecond laser frequency is 10 kHz, the pulse width is 290 fs, and the energy density reaches 0.057 J/cm², the graphene material can be effectively removed. When the energy density is elevated to 2.167 J/cm², a complete ablation of a graphite coating with a thickness of 1.5 μm can be achieved. The findings of this study validate the evolution law and linear relationship of ablation crater morphology, offering new references for microstructure design and the selection of controllable laser processing parameters.

To address the inherent defects in the fabrication of AlCrN titanium alloy coatings and enhance interfacial bonding strength as well as tribological performance, an AlCrN coating was employed as an absorption layer and subjected to laser shock processing to form an AlCrN/TC4 transition layer. Subsequently, a secondary AlCrN coating was deposited to construct a gradient coating architecture. The surface and cross-sectional morphologies and elemental distributions under varying laser energies were systematically investigated, and the influence of laser energy on the adhesion and wear resistance of the gradient coatings was analyzed. The results demonstrate that with increasing laser impact energy, the thickness of the AlCrN/TC4 transition layer gradually decreases from 3.75 μm to 1.32 μm, accompanied by significant changes in elemental distribution across the surface and cross-section. The interfacial bonding strength of the gradient coating increases substantially from 13.6 N to 43.3 N, while the average friction coefficient rises from 0.436 to 0.507. Concurrently, the wear track depth is reduced, and the wear rate decreases from 86.46 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(N·m) to 7.67 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(N·m). Laser shock peening promotes elemental diffusion, enabling the formation of a diffusion-aided interlayer. The incorporation of this diffused zone facilitates the successful construction of a high-quality TC4 titanium alloy gradient coating, effectively broadening the film–substrate interface, enhancing surface hardness, and significantly improving both interfacial adhesion and wear resistance.