Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major public health concern, being a leading cause of death worldwide. SCD is particularly alarming for individuals with apparently good health, as it often occurs without preceding warning signs. Unfortunately, traditional autopsy methods frequently fail to identify the precise cause of death in these cases, highlighting the need for advanced techniques to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Recent advances in molecular biology over the past few years, particularly in proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics techniques, have led to an expanded understanding of gene expression, protein activity, and metabolic changes, offering valuable insights into fatal cardiac events. Combining multi-omics methods with bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms significantly enhances our ability to uncover the processes behind lethal cardiac dysfunctions by identifying new useful biomarkers (like cardiac myosin-binding protein C, acylcarnitines, or microRNAs) to reveal molecular pathways linked to SCD. This narrative review summarizes the role of multi-omics approaches in forensic diagnosis by exploring current applications in unexplained cases and the benefits of integrating merged techniques in otherwise negative autopsies. We also discuss the potential for developing personalized and preventive forensic medicine, the technical limitations of currently available methods, and the ethical considerations arising from these advancements.

Peripheral nerve injuries represent a significant challenge in legal medicine, and their proper management and evaluation are at the intersection of clinical medicine, anatomical science, and legal medicine. In this review, we aimed to integrate current knowledge about the anatomy, physiology, clinical management, and paraclinical assessment of peripheral nerve injuries, targeted explicitly for medical–legal practice. We conducted a comprehensive review of the medical–legal evaluation framework needed to evaluate peripheral nerve injuries, with particular emphasis on anatomical variations, imaging techniques, and methods to assess the timing of injury. Peripheral nerve injuries should be analyzed using a complex approach, which includes anatomical characteristics, variants, microanatomy, physiopathology, imaging, and other paraclinical evaluations. The analysis of causation and timing of injury should be heavily based on objective criteria and should be performed using a reproducible, objective, and scientifically based approach.