Increased flight volumes necessitate urgent reforms in Airspace Management (ASM) to mitigate risks of fatalities and near-misses. In order to enhance aviation system safety, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) mandates that state parties must conduct the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program (USOAP) to continuously monitor civil aviation. This research aims to identify critical factors influencing Thailand’s ASM by employing experimental design and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze influences and relationships among communication, surveillance, navigation, Air Traffic Management (ATM), and ASM. The methodology includes stimulation and a questionnaire-based survey conducted with aviation professionals and mapping out their answers to find the influences, relationships, and importance of the different factors. The results were validated using various statistical tools. The findings indicate signi1ficant direct and indirect effects on ASM, emphasizing that effective communication and robust surveillance are essential for safety and operational efficiency. This study highlights the need to increase the ASM framework, providing actionable insights for optimizing air traffic control in response to the growing air traffic demand. Furthermore, SEM for Airspace optimization can be applied internationally to significantly reduce accidents and incidents in the future.

The use of Unmanned Aircraft has grown significantly in Thailand and worldwide, particularly for operations below 450 feet. However, unlike manned aviation, there remains a lack of integrated digital platforms to manage flight plans that align with regulatory and operational requirements specific to low altitude activity. This study employed both secondary research and expert interviews to gather technical and regulatory user requirements. The data were analyzed and validated using Structural Equation Modeling to identify key variables influencing safety operations. Based on these findings, a standardized low altitude flight plan format was developed and converted into a prototype web platform called GoFly. The system enables operators to register aircraft and pilot credentials and to submit flight plans digitally. This platform addresses the current fragmentation in Thailand’s flight planning process by centralizing operations and enhancing regulatory compliance. The study contributes to the foundational development of a digital Unmanned Aircraft Traffic Management system tailored for emerging airspace users in Thailand and demonstrates potential scalability to other international regulatory contexts.