Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a potent source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering therapeutic potential against cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, diabetes, hepatic disorders, and obesity. This review highlights the capacity of pomegranate leaves, flowers, arils, juice, seeds, and peel to modulate or inhibit key enzymes involved in inflammatory, metabolic, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, hepatic, and melanogenic pathways. Additionally, pomegranate enhances endogenous antioxidant defenses (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, and GST) and regulates caspase activity, further contributing to its health-promoting effects. While preclinical evidence underscores its multifaceted enzymatic and therapeutic benefits, positioning pomegranate as a promising natural adjunct for the prevention and management of enzyme-related diseases, further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and validate clinical efficacy.