Visitors’ satisfaction and willingness to revisit urban parks are closely linked to park longevity. However, few details of this relationship have been studied. We explored the factors influencing urban park use and factors motivating revisitation in six urban parks in Hangzhou, China. Data from 600 park visitors were collected over three months using a face-to-face questionnaire. These included socio-demographic data, residential data, personal characteristics, park satisfaction, motivations for visit, and other information. A hierarchical regression model was applied to analyze the contribution of each variable to visitation by park users. Physical and mental benefits and previous positive experiences were the main factors motivating park visitation. Age and distance to the nearest park were the main factors driving park revisitation, and they were positively and negatively correlated with visitation frequency, respectively. Long-term and short-term residents, who commute by cycling or walking, made up the majority of park visitors. Interestingly, park features had no significant impact on revisitation. Weather and time limitations were major factors limiting visitation to parks, and traffic and inadequate park facilities limited revisitation. Our results could be useful for urban planners as they develop guidelines to improve visitor satisfaction and promote the longevity of urban parks.

Urban green spaces are vital carbon sinks and play a central role in low-carbon city development. However, traditional evaluations often focus on outcome indicators such as green space area and greening rate, neglecting the governance performance within the construction process. To bridge this gap, we introduce a five-process PDCOA (Plan–Do–Check–Outcome–Act) framework, applying Python-based web scraping and automated text mining to conduct an integrated assessment of 296 prefecture-level cities in China. Our results reveal a national average score of 44.10, with scores ranging from 10.42 to 92.81 (Beijing). Significant regional disparities emerge, with East China (mean score: 50.08) leading the nation, while regions like Southern China (38.25) lag considerably. The process evaluation uncovers a systemic imbalance: while cities perform relatively well in the P (59.81) and D (57.60) processes, they falter in the C (38.94), A (36.10) and O (31.21) processes. This study demonstrates that effective governance, not resource endowment, determines success in low-carbon green space development. It underscores the urgent need to shift from outcome-only metrics to process-driven continuous improvement, prioritizing adaptive feedback mechanisms and differentiated spatial strategies to strengthen urban green space governance.

The Internet plays a pivotal role in tackling global climate challenges, particularly in facilitating a transition toward low-carbon behavior. However, the