Background: Obesity is a risk factor that leads to many chronic diseases and, unfortunately, its prevalence in Saudi Arabia is on the rise. To successfully manage obesity and its complications, patient must be accurately diagnosed. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of body mass index (BMI) when diagnosing obesity within the Saudi population using body fat percentage (BF%) as the gold standard. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that includes a calculated sample size of 942 subjects. Subjects were recruited from family medicine clinics that were linked to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2005 to March 2016. BF% was estimated using DEXA scan. The diagnostic accuracy of BMI was assessed by using the WHO and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) reference standard for obesity of BF% > 25% in men and > 35% for women. Results: Findings indicate, out of the study population, 29% of men and 53% of women are obese using BMI-defined obesity cut-off point 30 kg/m². The prevalence of obesity was 83.9% and 97.3% in men and women, respectively, using BF%-defined obesity, which corresponds to BMI cut-off of 24 kg/m². Even when considering the highest acceptable BF% based on the mean age of our participants (33% for men and 43% for women), the BMI cut-off to diagnose obesity should not exceed 27 kg/m² among men and women in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: The accuracy of BMI 30 kg/m² to diagnose obesity among the Saudi population is limited. We have to lower the BMI cut-off point to improve its sensitivity as a screening tool for obesity. Our study suggests that the BMI cut-off point among Saudis and possibly the Arab population should not exceed 27 kg/m² for both sexes.

Vaccination against SARS-COV-2 is considered an effective preventive strategy to halt COVID-19 pandemic. Reports of thromboembolic events in vaccine recipients has jolted some of the European countries to pause the vaccination process temporarily. It is still unclear whether the events are actually due to the vaccines or it is just a coincidence. The gravity of events particularly in young and previously normal patients merits further research to reach some conclusion. Here we present a similar case who sustained ischemic stroke shortly after receiving the first dose of his vaccine.

Background: The research indicates that academic skills and family function may influence academic achievement. The Covid 19 epidemic has impacted regular academic and family function. However, there is a dearth of studies evaluating the relevance of academic skills and family function on college students' academic achievement. This research was done to determine the levels and relationships between academic achievement and study skills and family functions. Two hundred seventy-nine college students were assessed with Sociodemographic and academic proforma, Study Skills Assessment Questionnaire (SSAQ), and The McMaster Family Functioning Scale (MFFS).Results: Results revealed that the mean score of SSAQ and MFFS were 179.92 and 17.88, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that the score of reading skills and the MFFS score statistically significantly predicted the score of the exam.Conclusions: On the basis of this study's results, it is possible to conclude that reading skills and family functioning may influence academic success.

Introduction: Cognitive flexibility and resilience may influence academic achievement. These cognitive functions may be affected during the Covid 19 pandemic. Few studies have been conducted to examine these relationships. Objective: This study examined college students' cognitive flexibility and resilience and their relationships with academic achievement during the Covid 19 pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 303 students were assessed using sociodemographic and academic proforma, the Cognitive Flexibility Scale, and the Cognitive Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, contingency table analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis H test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and linear regression analysis (with moderation). Results: Cognitive flexibility was significantly greater in those who were success-oriented, had a backlog, and studied a health science subject, whereas resilience was greater in those who had lower course competency and had encountered psychological issues. Exam scores were positively linked with students' economic status and negatively linked with students' perceptions of course competency. Cognitive resilience predicted exam performance positively, which was moderated by cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: Cognitive resilience positively affects academic performance and is moderated by cognitive flexibility.

Background: The patient’s understanding of the illness may mediate beliefs towards its treatment. There is a paucity of studies examining the relationships between these variables in depression. This study was conducted to know the relationships between explanatory models and attitude to medication in depression. Methods: 494 patients with depression in remission were assessed with sociodemographic proforma, Drug Attitude Inventory, and Mental Distress Explanatory Model Questionnaire. Results: A favorable attitude toward medication was observed in 57.49% of participants. Mean scores on MDEMQ subscales Stress, Western Physiology, Non-Western Physiology, and Supernatural were 32.96, 21.87, 10.06, and 47.55, respectively. Statistically significant associations were found between attitude towards medication and the patient’s marital status (more negative attitude with single status, χ2 = 11.72, df = 3, P = 0.008) and occupation (more negative attitude among unemployed patients, χ² = 4.17, df = 1, P = 0.041). The scores of explanatory models did not differ based on positive or negative drug attitude. Conclusion: Though explanatory models are not linked to patient attitudes toward medication, patients who are single or unemployed have a negative attitude toward medications. Such negative attitude may impair compliance and worsen patient outcomes.

Background: Burnout among doctors in Saudi Arabia is a rising issue, affecting well-being, healthcare quality, and patient outcomes. This scoping review examines burnout among physicians in Saudi Arabia, offering a comprehensive overview of its prevalence, contributing factors, and implications. Methods: A systematic literature search (2000–2024) was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) for English-language studies using validated burnout assessments among physicians in Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed using descriptive and thematic approaches. Results: Burnout prevalence varied widely (17.6%–100%), with the highest rates observed among emergency medicine physicians, intensive care unit (ICU) fellows, and surgical residents. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were most frequently reported. Key contributing factors included younger age, marital status, heavy workloads, frequent on-call shifts, inadequate resources, and limited support for non-Saudi physicians. High burnout correlated with increased medical errors, reduced care quality, and physician attrition. Emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and physical activity provided some protection, while institutional strategies like workload redistribution and mental health support were also beneficial. Residents and non-Saudi physicians were particularly vulnerable. Conclusions: Burnout is prevalent and multifactorial among physicians in Saudi Arabia, requiring targeted interventions at both systemic and individual levels. There is an urgent need for policies addressing workload, support systems, and cultural factors to mitigate burnout and improve physicians' well-being, thereby guiding research and promoting sustainable healthcare solutions aligned with national priorities.