Literary texts play an important role in learning English language, especially enhancing communication competence, raising cultural awareness, and generating motivation among students. Research studies have shown the potential advantages of using literary texts in the EFL classrooms, which promote authentic materials, help increase language skills, and extends linguistic knowledge. This paper documents comprehensive literature on the application and benefits of literary texts in learning and teaching English language to EFL learners. It explains how different language skills can be learnt successfully using literary texts. This paper shows the significance of literary texts in English language teaching program. It explores the historical background, covering various phases, studies from various countries, including the Arab world where literature teaching shows positive responses. The paper is distinct in its entirety since it explains how different literary texts can help enhance language skills and describes the different teaching approaches for teaching literature which will be a healthy guide for teachers. It also shows how literature enriches the EFL learners’ overall learning experience.

Background: Respiratory Care Practitioner (RCP) is a vital healthcare professional in Saudi Arabia (SA). Many factors regarding the education of RCPs in SA are unknown, including the number of active institutions, levels of education and barriers to promoting the profession. Methods: A cross sectional-based survey was conducted between June 1st, 2020 and September 20th, 2020 in SA to explore the status of RCPs education. Institutions that offered RCP programs were identified through the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Defense academic programs websites. The RCP program directors were invited to participate in an electronic survey. Results: Among the 74 institutions searched, 23 indicated that they offered RC programs. Only 13 (56.52%) responded to the survey. Among all programs, four (17.39%) were inactive, 17 (73.91%) were governmental institutions, and only one (4.35%) obtained a national accreditation. From the 13 respondents, there were 1297 students enrolled and 123 full-time faculty members. None of the institutions reported offering postgraduate RC degrees. The respondents reported many barriers; however, shortage of staff (76.92%), lack of postgraduate programs (69.23%), lack of research activity (69.23%), and ineffective communications between institutions (61.54%) were the most reported barriers. Conclusion: The RC education in SA is developing but not well distributed throughout the country. The shortage of staff and the limited number of postgraduate degree holders potentially contributed to the delay in establishing postgraduate RC degrees, obtaining accreditation, and implementing subspecialties to advance the profession in terms of research and quality of care.

Introduction: As electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) gain global popularity, healthcare providers (HCPs) play a critical role in shaping public health responses. In Saudi Arabia, little is known about HCPs’ perspectives on e-cigarettes. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate HCPs’ knowledge...

To describe current practices related to high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy among respiratory therapists (RTs) working in pediatric settings across the western region of KSA, specifically in the cities of Almadinah Almunawwarah, Jeddah, and Makkah. Between January and April 2025, a cross-sectional survey was distributed online to RTs working in pediatric inpatient units in the three cities. The validated questionnaire collected data regarding demographics, hospital characteristics, HFNC initiation practices, adjustment methods, assessment routines, and aerosol delivery practices. In total, 102 RTs from 10 government hospitals participated in the study, where 51.9% worked in standalone children's hospitals. HFNC was most commonly initiated for pneumonia (79.4%) and bronchiolitis (73.5%). Definitions of HFNC varied where 65% of respondents described it as heated gas delivered at a flow rate equal to or exceeding the patient's inspiratory demand. Initial settings were determined based on patient weight (44.1%), therapist-driven protocols (38.2%), or age (9.8%). When oxygenation was suboptimal, 73.5% of RTs increased the FiO₂ and 26.5% increased the flow. In cases of HFNC failure, 89.2% transitioned patients to noninvasive ventilation (bilevel positive airway pressure/continuous positive airway pressure) and 10.8% opted for intubation. Aerosol therapy was administered via HFNC by 88.2% of respondents and 50% used vibrating mesh nebulizers. During aerosol delivery, 4.90% of RTs reduced HFNC flow and 29.4% temporarily discontinued HFNC. HFNC is commonly used in pediatric care across the western region of KSA. However, our results emphasize the need to establish national guidelines or protocols for pediatric HFNC therapy to ensure standardized care and efficient resource utilization.

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) has become a foundational component of modern healthcare globally. In Saudi Arabia, the understanding and application of EBP by respiratory therapists (RTs) remains underexplored. This study aimed to assess RTs’ behaviors, attitudes, awareness, knowledge, and barriers related to EBP. Methods: A previously validated online questionnaire was distributed to RTs across Saudi Arabia between February and July 2025. The survey collected sociodemographic data and included 14 items assessing behaviors, attitudes, awareness, knowledge, prior formal EBP training, and perceived barriers to EBP implementation. Results: A total of 301 RTs participated, with 290 completing the survey. Most participants (75.2%) held a bachelor’s degree. Overall, respondents demonstrated positive attitudes toward EBP, with more than 60% agreeing that understanding research methods is essential to respiratory therapy practice. The most frequently used resources for clinical decision-making were personal experience (67.3%), expert opinion (65.5%), and national or international guidelines (65.5%). Awareness of core EBP concepts was moderate; approximately 30% of participants reported a good understanding of terms such as “systematic review,” “quality of evidence,” and “risk of bias.” Several barriers to EBP implementation were identified, most commonly limited access to resources (25.2%), insufficient research knowledge and skills (23.8%), and lack of interest (21.0%). Conclusions: RTs in Saudi Arabia generally support EBP principles and use evidence-based resources in clinical decision-making. However, gaps in training, access to resources, and research competency limit full EBP implementation. Targeted strategies, including integrating mandatory EBP education, expanding professional development, and enhancing access to research resources, are recommended.

Introduction: Effective airway clearance is crucial in COPD management, and oscillatory positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices are a potential adjunct therapy for this. However, their clinical efficacy remains uncertain due to limited trial data. Aim: To update our previous (2020) systematic review investigating the use of OPEP devices to augment sputum clearance in COPD. Methods: Randomised Clinical Trails s evaluating OPEP devices in COPD were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane, and Embase (2020–2024). Outcomes included lung function, exercise capacity, exacerbations, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with pooled estimates calculated using random-effects models. Results: Twelve trials (741 participants) were included. OPEP devices significantly reduced exacerbations (Odds Ratio: 0.39) and improved exercise capacity (+49 m at 6MWD). Small improvements were observed in FVC%, while HRQoL changes were not statistically significant. Accumulating evidence suggests benefits for sputum clearance and reduced antibiotic use. Devices were generally well accepted and safe. Conclusion: OPEP devices appear to be safe and may reduce exacerbations, improve functional exercise capacity, and support sputum clearance in COPD.