Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and the consumption of pork meat is one of the major sources of human infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of salmonella on pig carcasses. Samples were taken from slaughterhouse A in two instances (sampling I and II, a total of 300 samples) and in slaughterhouse B once (sampling III, a total of 120 samples), from pork carcasses after the stunning and after the processing. Of the total number of examined samples, the percentage of positive samples for salmonella from pork carcasses after stunning was 46.7% (90/42), and samples from the carcasses after processing 3.3% (90/3). Operations taking place on the slaughter line could have an effect on the salmonella contamination of carcasses.

This paper introduces a family of n-polytopes, PAn,c which is a geometrical realisation of simple permutoassociahedra. It has significant importance serving as a topological proof of Mac Lane's coherence. Polytopes in this family are defined as Minkowski sums of certain polytopes such that every summand produces exactly one truncation of the permutohedron, i.e. yields to the appropriate facet of the resulting sum. Additionally, it leads to the correlation between Minkowski sums and truncations, which gives a general procedure for similar geometrical realisation of a wider class of polytopes.

The theme of this paper is the modeling of focal-directorial surfaces, starting with their definition, as a locus of points, whose sum of the distances to the focus and/or directrix is constant and predefined. We presented a heuristic algorithm for modeling surfaces and their isocurves, achieved through the use of the Grasshopper visual programming editor in the RhinoCeros environment. Surfaces and their isocurves were generated in a spherical grid, because a Cartesian grid proved unsuitable for the task and the chosen approach. This paper additionally proposes a modeling algorithm of a discrete variation of focal-directorial surfaces. The proposed modeling method is a 3D convex hull implemented on a set of surface points, with the selected points close to that surface. The discrete model is realized both in a Cartesian and spherical grid. There are significant differences between the obtained results.

Different types of food, among them meat, can be the cause of food-borne diseases, and infections are commonly caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica, verotoxic Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. All these bacteria, depending on a number of factors, including animal species, geographical origin, climatic factors, methods of animal breeding and meat production, could cause disease. Here, we summarise results on production of different groups of sausages produced with or without added starter culture, and contaminated with Y.enterocolitica (control sausages were not contaminated). During the ripening, changes in the microbiological status of the fermented sausages and their physical and chemical properties were monitored. For all tests, standard methods were used. In these fermented sausages, the number of Y. enterocolitica decreased during ripening. The number of Y. enterocolitica was statistically significantly lower in sausages with added starter culture on all days of the study Zoonotic pathogens in meat should be controlled through the complete production chain, from the farms to consumers, in order to reduce the probability of disease in humans. However, the necessary controls in the production chain are not the same for all bacteria.

Artifact style is still assessed primarily visually/descriptively, and much less morphologically/parametrically—by processing latent geometric peculiarities. This research aims to explore how the morphology of artifacts can be represented and quantitatively compared in order to validate their stylistic affiliation cost-efficiently. Since the term “style” herein refers to orders of classical architecture, (Roman) capitals of the oldest, Doric order, were chosen for such a validation-oriented assessment. The methodology included the following: (1) scaling capital 3D models to a uniform height to make the number of equidistant crosscuts invariant, (2) substituting contours thereof with circles (by retaining area values) to marginalize ornamentation factors, (3) determining stepwise dynamics of perimeter change across circles to ensure relative comparisons, (4) generating diagrammatic representatives by revolving dynamics-wise trendlines, and (5) comparing them quantitatively. To make the latter valid in a statistical sense, three groups of capitals were foreseen: Control (of indisputable Doric), 1st Experimental (of assumed Doric), and 2nd Experimental (of non-Doric, i.e., Ionic). Distances between the vertices of every compared representative (from defined groups) and their nearest neighbors on the reference (a representative obtained by “averaging” control ones) were computed. Distributions of such distances induced normal probabilities capable of “inferring” whether the analyzed capital could likely be a member of the assumed order.