This study investigated the effects of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) applications carried out with the purpose of supporting the integrated knowledge of prospective science teachers on the scientific process skills and STEM education orientation skills of prospective teachers. According to the results, the STEM application was effective on the scientific process skills of the prospective teachers in the experiment group in comparison to those in the control group; however, it was not effective on their levels of orientation towards STEM education. The prospective teachers stated that Algodoo is a good tool for integration of STEM disciplines.

Effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂H₂O) on the content of chlorophyll (a + b), chlorophyll a/b ratio, proline, protein and abscisic acid in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings has been investigated. One-week-old seedlings were grown at cadmium concentration of 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 mM for ten days in Hoagland's solution. Elevated cadmium levels increased the abscisic acid contents in roots, shoots and leaves of seedlings. An increase of proline in the leaves of seedlings exposed to cadmium occurred, as well as a decrease of chlorophyll (a + b) and total protein (p<0.05 or p<0.01) contents. Thus cadmium levels at certain critical points negatively affect seedling growth.

The effects of nickel, cobalt, chromium and zinc on the content of vitamins A, E and C, malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll and carotenoids were investigated in bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Hoagland solution Control and heavy metal-treated plants were grown for ten days in Hoagland solution. Vitamin A, E, and C content were measured in primary leaves by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC). MDA, chlorophyll and carotenoids were measured in leaves by spectrophotometer. In heavy metal treated plants, the levels of MDA, vitamins A, E and C and carotenoids significantly increased, while chlorophyll content decreased in leaves of seedlings. The results indicate that heavy metals caused an oxidative stress in bean plants. The strongest effect on vitamins A, E and C, MDA, chlorophyll and carotenoids was found in plants exposed to nickel, followed by the sequence cobalt > chromium> zinc.

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin yapay zekâya yönelik tutumlarını belirlemeye ilişkin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Elâzığ da bulunan bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören toplam 1089 (%54 kız, %46 erkek) öğrenci oluşturmuştur. 5’li likert tipinde hazırlanan ölçek alan uzmanlarına incelettirilerek kapsam geçerliliği sağlanmıştır.16 ortaokul öğrencisiyle ön uygulama gerçekleştirildikten sonra düzenlenen ölçek, 1089 ortaokul öğrencisine uygulanarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Ölçeğin KMO değeri .925, Barlett küresellik sonuçlarına göre ise ki-kare değerinin .01 düzeyinde manidar olduğu bulunmuştur (X2 (780)=7226.308; p

Mobile augmented reality (MAR) draws attention in terms of providing a flexible learning process and environment. It is thought that learning environments can be more effective using MAR technology. The research aimed to determine the secondary school students' views on the use of MAR technology in science teaching. The research was conducted with 143 students studying in the sixth grade at two different secondary schools in Turkey. In the research, convergent parallel patterns from mixed-method patterns were used. For eight weeks, the research was carried out to cover the systems unit in our body, situated in the 6th-grade science course curriculum. During the process, the Anatomy 4D application was used in the experimental group during the procedure, and the science course curriculum was used in the control group. In this paper, a part of the mixed research, the qualitative data collected from the experimental group's semi-structured interview form and diaries were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. As a result of the research, although the students do not have a clear idea about AR and MAR technologies at the beginning of the application, it is observed that their thoughts change over time, and MAR applications are effective on the success of the course.