The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response and is significant in organ transplantation, disease association studies, and population genetics. But does it influence longevity? The present study aims to explore the frequency of HLA alleles in a cohort of 100 individuals in the 65–90 age bracket from Romania, providing insights into genetic diversity and potential implications in longevity. High-resolution HLA typing was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, allowing for precise identification of HLA alleles with a high degree of accuracy. The results reveal significant genetic diversity within the cohort, with prevalent alleles such as HLA-A*02:01:01:01, HLA-B*08:01:01:01, and DRB1*01:01:01:01 potentially influencing disease susceptibility and longevity. The study reveals the genetic diversity of HLA alleles in elderly Romanians, highlighting prevalent alleles that could be linked to longevity and disease resistance. Different results from previous research are attributed to the high-resolution analysis and small cohort size. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm findings and uncover their implications for healthy aging and healthcare.

Exceptional longevity is a multifactorial phenomenon in which optimal immune system function plays an essential role. KIR receptors (Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors), expressed on Natural Killer (NK) cells and on subpopulations of CD8+ T lymphocytes, represent key modula-tors of innate immunity. The extensive polymorphism of the KIR locus generates interindividual variability in immune surveillance capacity, with possible implications for aging. NK cells play a pivotal role in the immune response. During the ageing process, the activity and number of NK cells varies. The cytolytic activity of the natural killer cells is controlled by an array of activating and inhibitory cell surface receptors, including the KIRs.The present study aims to explore the frequency of KIR alleles in a cohort of 86 individuals in the 65-90 age bracket from Romania, providing inisghts into genetic diversity and potential implications in longevity. High-resolution KIR typing was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, allowing for pre-cise identification of KIR alleles with a high degree of accuracy. The results reveal significant ge-netic diversity within the cohort, with prevalent alleles such as KIR2DL3*0020103, KIR2DL3*0020101, KIR2DS2*0010124, KIR2DS2*0010115 or KIR3DL1*0050101, potentially influencing disease susceptibility and longevity. The study reveals the genetic diversity of KIR alleles in elderly Romanians, highlighting prevalent alleles that could be linked to longevity and disease resistance. Further studies with larger number of samples are needed to confirm findings and uncover their implications for healthy aging and healthcare.