Given the heterogeneity of different malignant processes, planning cancer treatment is challenging. According to recent studies, natural products are likely to be effective in cancer prevention and treatment. Among bioactive flavonoids found in fruits and vegetables, kaempferol (KMP) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. This systematic review aims to highlight the potential therapeutic effects of KMP on different types of solid malignant tumors. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were performed in EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration Library, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. After the application of study criteria, 64 studies were included. In vitro experiments demonstrated that KMP exerts antitumor effects by controlling tumor cell cycle progression, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, as well as by inhibiting angiogenesis. KMP was also able to inhibit important markers that regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition and enhanced the sensitivity of cancer cells to traditional drugs used in chemotherapy, including cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. This flavonoid is a promising therapeutic compound and its combination with current anticancer agents, including targeted drugs, may potentially produce more effective and predictable results.

Pycnodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome that provides the abnormal bone metabolism that increases the susceptibility of patients to develop osteomyelitis. This systematic review was conducted to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of complications in the jaws (fractures and osteomyelitis), as well as their clinical-pathological characteristics and therapeutic approaches in patients with pycnodysostosis. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, and Cochrane databases. Case reports or case series that met the eligibility criteria according to the PRISMA statement were included. The full texts of 31 articles were retrieved. Twenty of these articles published between 1969 and 2018 were selected, which described 26 cases of osteomyelitis in patients with pycnodysostosis. The mean age of the patients was 37.84 years; the male-to-female was 1.36:1. The mandible was the most affected site (76.9%). Tooth extraction was the main risk factor for osteomyelitis (61.5%), followed by infection (26.8%) and mandibular fracture (23.0%). Antibiotic therapy alone or combined with some surgical procedure was the treatment used in most cases (80.7%). The findings of this review showed that patients with pycnodysostosis are more likely to develop osteomyelitis of the jaws after surgical procedures, especially tooth extraction which remains the main risk factor for its establishment. In addition, prophylactic antibiotic-therapy in the pre- and postoperative periods may prevent the development of osteomyelitis in pycnodysostosis.

This study aims to investigate the prognostic impact of cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), analyzed through immunohistochemistry, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review was conducted following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were performed in EMBASE, Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration Library, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. After applying the study criteria, 59 articles were included, involving the analysis of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), immune cells, and endothelial cells. It was found that TME rich in α-SMA-positive CAFs, tumor-associated macrophages, and dendritic cells contribute to the invasion and progression of OSCC, resulting in a poorer prognosis. In contrast, the presence of high amounts of NK CD57⁺ cells, CD8⁺/CD45RO⁺ T cells, and PNAd⁺ endothelial cells are associated with anti-tumor immune responses in OSCC and improved survival rates. CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells, Treg cells, B cells, and mast cells have shown little to no evidence of prognostic utility. Several stromal components of TME were found to have a strong impact on the aggressiveness of OSCC, reaffirming the potential use of these biomarkers as prognostic tools and therapeutic targets.