Nanofibers technology has experienced rapid revolution in recent years which are widely applicable in versatile fields of science. Nanofibrous membranes are made of nano-sized fibers under 1000 nm with different alignment through various methods such as template synthesis, the drawing method, self-assembly, phase separation, and electrospinning. In recent years, electrospinning has been used as an adaptable and successful approach to produce fibers with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers. Moreover, based on the fabrication condition, nanofibers with different morphology can be also developed including core-shell, hollow, hybrid and porous. Indeed, due to adorable physio- chemical properties of nanofiber, they are one of the most important pioneer in biomedical field. Here in this review, we have focused on the recent advances in the most important biomedical application of nanofibrous membranes, namely, tissue engineering, drug delivery, biosensing, and wound dressing. Graphical abstract