The relationship between hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP) score, and various cancers and cardiovascular diseases has been tested previously. However, the relationship between HALP score and non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) has not been adequately tested. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between HALP score and mortality in patients with NVAF. This study included 2,592 NVAF patients from 35 centers in Turkey. Patients were divided into two groups: those with HALP scores ≤ 58.96 (low HALP score group, 1,296 patients) and > 58.96 (high HALP score group, 1,296 patients). The primary outcome measured was all-cause mortality. The mean HALP score was 66 ± 33. Patients in the low HALP score group had higher 1- and 5-year all-cause mortality rates (1-year: 12.9% vs. 5.4%, p < 0.001; 5-year: 38.5% vs. 20.2%, p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis identified the HALP score as an independent predictor of mortality (1-year: HR = 0.987, 95% CI = 0.981-0.992, p < 0.001; 5-year: HR = 0.990, 95% CI = 0.987-0.993, p < 0.001). ROC analysis determined a HALP score 52.3 predicted 1-year mortality with 62.9% sensitivity and 62% specificity (AUC = 0.680); a score of 55 predicted 5-year mortality with 60.3% sensitivity and 62.2% specificity (AUC = 0.657). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed increasing mortality over time in the low HALP score group (log-rank tests, 1-year = 44.86, p < 0.001; 5-year = 108.54, p < 0.001). The HALP score is a simple, accessible measure, and our findings suggest that lower HALP scores are associated with increased 1-year and 5-year mortality in NVAF patients. This provides a reference for clinicians assessing risk in this vulnerable population.

The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a biomarker of insulin resistance and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important complication that causes poor outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and CIN and mortality in patients who underwent PCI due to chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO). Two hundred eighteen individuals from three separate medical centers who underwent procedural PCI between February 2010 and April 2012 and had a CTO lesion in at least one coronary artery were recruited. According to the TyG index, patients were divided into two groups. Patients with a TyG index ≥ 8.65 were included in Group 1, and patients with a TyG index < 8.65 were included in Group 2. Patients were followed up for 96 months. The main outcome was the development of CIN and mortality. The mean age of the patients (65.8 ± 10.94 vs. 61.68 ± 11.4, P = 0.009), diabetes mellitus (60 [44.8%] vs. 11 [13.1%], P < 0.001), and dyslipidemia rates (52 [38.8%] vs. 21 [25%], P = 0.036) were higher in group 1. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, it was seen that age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08, P = 0.020), chronic kidney disease (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.02–5.33, P = 0.044), peripheral artery disease (OR = 5.66, 95% CI = 1.24–25.91, p = 0.026), LVEF (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.99, P = 0.005), LDL cholesterol levels (OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 1.00–1.02, P = 0.024) and TyG index (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.21–3.89, P = 0.009) were independent predictors of the development of CIN. Our study demonstrates a correlation between the TyG index and the prevalence of CIN in patients with CTO undergoing PCI. Adding the TyG index to the routine clinical evaluation of patients with CTO undergoing PCI may help protect patients from the development of CIN.

ST-segment resolution (STR) is a critical parameter in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). This study aimed to determine predictors of incomplete STR and their relationship with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The study retrospectively included 508 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent pPCI in our hospital between January 2020 and December 2020. Patients with STR < 70% were included in the incomplete STR group (n = 182), and patients with STR ≥ 70% were included in the complete STR group (n = 326). Multivariable analysis identified in-stent restenosis (Odds ratio [OR] = 5.145), prolonged ischemic time (OR = 1.100), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; OR = 0.968) as independent predictors. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis found 4.5 hours of ischemic time and 49% LVEF as cutoff values. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that incomplete STR correlated with greater 1- and 5-year mortality. In our study, the independent predictors of incomplete STR were LVEF, in-stent restenosis, and total ischemic time. In addition, incomplete STR was associated with in-stent restenosis, in-hospital, 1-year, and 5-year all-cause mortality. Our findings may prove useful in managing STEMI patients.

Introduction: The most effective therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is immediate primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Aim: We planned this study to evaluate the effect of emergency department delay time (EDDT) on in-hospital and 1-year all-cause...

Background: The Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance (ICEB) has emerged as a electrocardiographic marker reflecting the equilibrium between ventricular depolarization and repolarization. Although obesity is known to alter cardiac electrophysiology, the combined influence of body mass index (BMI) and objective nutritional status on ICEB and its heart rate-corrected form (ICEBc) remains insufficiently defined. This study aimed to investigate the associations between BMI categories, nutritional status, and cardiac electrophysiological balance. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 591 adult patients classified as normal-weight, overweight, or obese according to BMI. Electrophysiological assessment of ICEB (QT/QRS) and ICEBc (QTc/QRS) values was calculated from standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings. Participants’ nutritional status was analyzed using validated clinical indices such as the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and Hemoglobin–Albumin–Lymphocyte–Platelet (HALP) score. Results: According to the results, both ICEB and ICEBc showed significant differences among BMI categories (p < 0.001). ICEB/ICEBc exhibited a non-linear distribution. The ICEB/ICEBc values were found to be minimum in the normal weight group at 4.22 ± 0.54/4.87 ± 0.66 and maximum in the obese group at 4.27 ± 0.51/4.99 ± 0.59. The ICEB/ICEBc value closest to the optimal physiological limits was found in the overweight group at 4.04 ± 0.53/4.59 ± 0.58. Higher ICEBc quartiles were accompanied by increased GNRI (120.9 ± 13.7, 129 ± 15.1, 130.5 ± 16.3, 131.8 ± 17.6, p < 0.001)and decreased HALP scores (59.7 ± 24.4, 56.1 ± 25.3, 55.2 ± 25.9, 51.1 ± 19.4, p: 0.025). Conclusion: The association between BMI and cardiac electrophysiological balance is non-linear and appears to be modulated by nutritional and inflammatory status. ICEBc may represent a more sensitive marker than ICEB for detecting subtle electrophysiological alterations related to obesity.