O trabalho foi conduzido no período de abril a novembro de 2012, em uma propriedade de produção leiteira, no município de Mariluz, Região Noroeste do Paraná, com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade, a composição botânica e o valor nutritivo do capim Tifton 85 sobressemeado com aveia, na presença e ausência de irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em parcelas sub-subdivididas, com 4 repetições. As parcelas foram sem e com irrigação. As subparcelas foram constituídas de sobressemeaduras de aveia: FMS 2, IAPAR 61, IPR 126 e um tratamento com o Tifton 85 exclusivo. Os ciclos de coleta compuseram as sub-subparcelas. A irrigação incrementou a produtividade da pastagem com média de 2760,4 kg ha^-1 ciclo^-1, com a maior relação folha/colmo de 2,8, aumentando a digestibilidade da matéria seca. Os valores de proteína bruta foram maiores no irrigado e na média do irrigado e não irrigado, diminuíram ao longo dos ciclos de coleta de 18,6 para 13,6%. As maiores produtividades foram obtidas por meio das sobressemeaduras das aveias FMS 2 e IPR 126. O Tifton 85 exclusivo apresentou o maior valor de fibra em detergente neutro e o menor valor de digestibilidade.

The pasture irrigation has expanded, mostly in small areas in order to boost the production system, along with the use of soil improvement techniques and high-productivity grasses. Thus, this study, carried out on a small dairy farm property, aimed to evaluate the productivity, botanical composition and nutritive value of Tifton 85 with different nitrogen (N) doses, in the presence and absence of irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized block in a split-plot design with four replications, plots Non-irrigated and Irrigated. The subplots consisted of nitrogen doses: 25 kg ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹ of N, 50 kg ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹ of N, 75 kg ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹ of N and 100 kg ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹ of N. The irrigation increased the productivity in an average of 3,626.5 kg ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹, with higher leaf stem ratio of 1.3, increasing the crude protein content of the pasture. The productivity responded quadratically to nitrogen fertilization with increases up to 84 kg N ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹ with slight linear decrease of dead matter. There were linear increments of crude protein and digestibility “in vitro” of dry matter in function of applied nitrogen.

Seasonality in tropical forage production is common in tropical and subtropical regions and should be identified for decision making on the stocking rate for each period. This study aimed to evaluate the variability of dry matter production of Megathyrsus maximum cv. Mombaça ‘Guinea grass’ over two years. The experiment was carried out from February 2016 to August 2018, under a randomised block design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replications. Treatments consisted of (i) two growing years (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) and (ii) four seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter). The grass was fertilised with 1,000 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and sprinkler irrigated, with soil moisture monitored by tensiometry. The evaluated parameters consisted of leaf dry matter, stem dry matter and total dry matter production. The results showed that the irrigated Guinea grass reached an elevated production of dry matter (DM), with the highest yields occurring in the spring/summer period, evidencing the yiel gap in the autumn/winter. The grass showed high daily forage accumulation, expressing high productive potential, demonstrating a good indicator for animal production in intensive systems with irrigated and fertilised pastures for regions of tropical climate. Thus, Guinea grass showed great potential for use in livestock.

Crop coefficient (Kc) is the ratio between crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo), representing the phenological effects on crop water consumption. Kc is fundamental to estimating ETc by agrometeorological methods. This research study aimed to determine Kc and ETc values for Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon spp.), both single cropped for one year and overseeded with black oat (Avena strigosa) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) during fall/winter. The experiment in the field comprised four plots, two for each tropical forage, with and without overseeding. At the center of each plot, there was a weighing lysimeter with an automated system for data collection. ETc was measured daily over four seasons following the lysimetric method; ETo was calculated using the Penman-Monteith equation. ETc and ETo values were used to estimate Kc values. The single cropped Guinea grass showed the highest values for ETc, with mean ETc and Kc of 3.99 mm d^–1 and 1.07, respectively. The single cropped Bermuda grass showed ETc and Kc values of 3.57 mm d^–1 and 0.96, respectively. The results of paired t-testing for Kc showed no significant differences (p = 0.05) between single cropped and intercropped for both Guinea grass and Cynodon spp. During winter, intercropped Guinea grass did not show an ETc significantly higher than single cropped Guinea grass, with mean Kc values 0.98 for intercropped and 1.10 for single cropped. Similarly, Bermuda grass did not show significant differences between mean Kc values for intercropped (1.02) and single cropped (1.00).

CONSUMO DE ÁGUA DE FORRAGEIRAS TROPICAIS NO PERÍODO DE FORMAÇÃO DE PASTAGEM - DOI: 10.7127/rbai.v11n200606

Quantification of the drained volume is one of the difficulties involved in using weighing lysimeters. Typically, this volume is measured by accessing a moat at the base of a lysimeter. However, it is not feasible to install the moat in small devices. Thus, the aim of this study involves developing, installing, calibrating, and checking the efficiency of small weighing lysimeters with automated drainage systems to test their functionality in field conditions. Each lysimeter is composed of a round PVC water tank with a diameter of 1.22 m and a depth of 0.58 m that is placed over a metal frame with three electronic load cells with the nominal capacity of each cell corresponding to 500 kg. The drainage system is composed of a small reservoir with a volume of 10 L, a weighing structure composed of a load cell with a nominal capacity of 30 kg, and an automatic solenoid valve driven by a device coupled to a data logger that records the data from the lysimeter and from the drainage system. Two calibrations are performed for the lysimeter as well as the drainage system to obtain equations with significant correlations (R² > 0.9999). The drainage system was activated several times during the tests after receiving approximately 63.4 L of water from rainfall, and this in turn indicated a good performance.