The standardization of physical and mechanical properties is critical for the large-scale application of engineered bamboo products. In this study, the distribution characteristics of density and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were systematically examined in a large sample of flattened bamboo boards. The density and MOE ranged from 0.46 to 1.12 g/cm³ and 5.60 to 22.18 GPa, respectively. Both exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing board thickness. Based on interquartile analysis, four density grades and five MOE grades were established. A strong positive correlation was identified between density and MOE, indicating that density—closely linked to fiber volume fraction—is the primary factor influencing mechanical performance. Notably, the graded bamboo boards demonstrated significantly higher modulus values than conventional wood veneers such as hemlock and poplar, highlighting their potential for high-performance structural applications. This study proposes a practical grading framework that contributes to the standardization and broader engineering utilization of flattened bamboo boards.

To advance “bamboo-as-plastic-substitute” initiatives and the sustainable use of furniture materials, this study investigates flattened bamboo sheets by determining their principal-direction elastic constants and evaluating two common furniture T-joints—dowel-jointed panel-type and right-angle mortise-and-tenon frame-type—through tensile and bending load-bearing tests alongside finite element (FE) comparisons. The results show a pronounced anisotropy, with the longitudinal elastic modulus markedly higher than in other directions. At the joint level, the average ultimate load-bearing capacities were 4.06 kN (panel-type tension), 3.70 kN (frame-type tension), 0.264 kN (panel-type bending), and 0.589 kN (frame-type bending). Under identical structural configurations and boundary conditions, the tensile and bending capacities of flattened bamboo sheets were comparable to or exceeded those of the comparator materials (MDF, cherry wood, bamboo-based composites), and failures predominantly occurred in the adhesive layer rather than the bamboo substrate. Across four representative cases, FE predictions achieved a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 6.5% with a maximum relative error of 12.5%; the regression correlation was R² ≈ 0.999 based on four paired observations, which should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. The study validates that FE models driven by experimentally measured anisotropic parameters can effectively reproduce the mechanical response of flattened bamboo T-joints, providing a basis for structural design, lightweighting, and parameter optimization in furniture applications. Further work should characterize adhesive systems, environmental durability, and interfacial failure mechanisms to enhance the model’s general applicability.