La sensibilidad materna se define como la habilidad de la madre para tomar conciencia, interpretar adecuadamente y responder de forma apropiada y contingente a las señales y comunicaciones del infante (Ainsworth el al., 1978). Esta se encontraría relacionada con múltiples factores. Diversos estudios señalan que el género del niño(a), el nivel socioeconómico, nivel educacional de la madre, entre otros, explican las diferencias en sensibilidad materna. A partir de estos antecedentes, el presente estudio reporta los resultados de un trabajo acerca de las variables predictoras de sensibilidad materna en una muestra de díadas madre- hijo(a) de un año de edad que asisten a sala cuna. La sensibilidad materna se evaluó con la Escala de Sensibilidad del adulto, E.S.A (Santelices et al, 2012) y las variables sociodemográficas con un cuestionario ya validado en estudios previos. Los resultados reflejan efectivamente que tanto el nivel educacional de la madre, su edad y el nivel socioeconómico son predictores estadísticamente significativos de la sensibilidad materna.

In alpine ecosystems, where low temperatures predominate, prostrate growth forms play a crucial role in thermal resistance by enabling thermal decoupling from ambient conditions, thereby creating a warmer microclimate. However, this strategy may be maladaptive during frequent heatwaves driven by climate change. This study combined microclimatic and plant characterization, infrared thermal imaging, and leaf photoinactivation to evaluate how thermal decoupling (TD) affects heat resistance (LT₅₀) in six alpine species from the Nevados de Chillán volcano complex in the Andes of south-central Chile. Results showed that plants’ temperatures increased with solar radiation, air, and soil temperatures, but decreased with increasing humidity. Most species exhibited negative TD, remaining 6.7 K cooler than the air temperature, with variation across species, time of day, and growth form; shorter, rounded plants showed stronger negative TD. Notably, despite negative TD, all species exhibited high heat resistance (Mean LT₅₀ = 46 °C), with LT₅₀ positively correlated with TD in shrubs. These findings highlight the intricate relationships between thermal decoupling, environmental factors, and plant traits in shaping heat resistance. This study provides insights into how alpine plants may respond to the increasing heat stress associated with climate change, emphasizing the adaptive significance of thermal decoupling in these environments.

Understanding strawberry thermal resilience is crucial for optimizing cultivation in the face of climate change. However, its thermal niche remains underexplored. We assessed the thermal vulnerability of leaves and flowers in four day-neutral strawberry varieties cultivated in Chile and evaluated potential shifts in their suitable cultivation areas under warming scenarios. Tolerance to freezing, heat (LT₅₀), and Thermal Tolerance Breadth (TTB) were determined, and habitat suitability was modeled using MaxEnt under two climate change projections and time periods. Heat LT₅₀ of leaves and flowers was similar across strawberry varieties, averaging 56 °C. Conversely, the average freezing LT₅₀ of flowers was 12 K less negative than that of leaves across varieties. The TTB of leaves was generally broader than that of flowers, except for San Andreas, with Monterrey displaying the broadest TTB difference (14.6 K). Climatic models indicated slight southward shifts in suitable cultivation areas under warming in Chile and globally. Nevertheless, the potential for strawberry cultivation in the more southern regions will depend on the development and implementation of cultivation strategies that effectively minimize the risk of freezing damage to the flowers. This highlights the need to plan cultivation areas according to each variety’s thermal tolerance to enhance resilience and sustainability in a changing climate.

The results of a survey of vascular plant species along two elevational gradients in the high Andes of central Chile (33°S) are reported. Vascular plant species were recorded in 12 and 15 plots of 1600 m² set up to be permanent, distributed at intervals of 100 m elevation along two elevational gradients, one in the La Parva (2500–3600 m a.s.l.) and a second in the Valle Nevado (2300–3700 m a.s.l.) area, Metropolitan Region of Santiago. All plots were square in shape except for one that was divided into two sections due to a landslide on the slope. Plots cover subalpine vegetation above the Kageneckia angustifolia treeline and the entire alpine belt to the upper limit of consistent vascular plant vegetation. The presence of each species in the individual plots is given along with location data for the plots, including georeferences, altitude, and sampling dates. Images of the study area are included. Scientific names, families, life forms, and native/non-native status are provided for the 168 taxa (167 species with one represented by two subspecies) recorded. Data on temperature and relative humidity for three sites in the general study area are included. The reported plot data will be useful for detailed studies on patterns of diversity (e.g., phylogenetic diversity, functional diversity) along elevational gradients in high mountains and for monitoring the upward shift of non-native species. Importantly, the data set provides a solid basis for detecting changes in species composition under ongoing climate change in the southern Andes, an area that has received limited attention to date but is highly relevant given instrumental evidence of rapid warming.