In order to effectively prevent fire accidents and improve fire management capability, this paper describes the independent designs and builds of an experimental low-cost particle image velocimetry platform for a propane jet combustion flame using traditional mutual correlation theory. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithm is written based on MATLAB software, allowing it to realise image preprocessing, multi-level grid window deformation inter-correlation calculations, and other functions. Fluid flow velocity and vorticity are used as entry points to study the flame combustion mechanism. The air flow field and vorticity above the propane jet flame are analysed. The results show that, from the level of fluid flow velocity, the maximum fluid flow velocity in the test area does not exceed 0.23 m/s, and the maximum transverse fluid flow velocity is close to 0.15 m/s. Additionally, the longitudinal fluid flow velocity is opposite the upper and lower portions of the longitudinal flow velocity, and there is a swirling phenomenon in the propane flame jet. From the vorticity level, the closer to the centre of the jet in the vortex plane, the faster the air flow speed, and simultaneously, in the upper and lower parts of the vortex, the air flow travels in the opposite direction and is of equal size. The particle image velocimetry platform that was independently designed in this study can efficiently characterise the dynamic flow field and the flow characteristics of complex combustion chambers, simultaneously ensuring high efficiency and reducing research costs. It provides a measurement method and experimental basis for the development of fire extinguishing equipment and numerical simulation, while also helping us to carry out a series of subsequent studies on fire extinguishing mechanisms.

In recent years, due to the diversity of fire scenes in ports and ships, the problem of fire command is complicated. In the case of power failure, the original command platform and fire extinguishing system will not be able to be used normally, or the fire extinguishing resources carried by the ship when it is on fire cannot be used. In the traditional firefighting ability research, there is no clear measure of firefighting ability, resulting in inaccurate calculation results. By corresponding to the quantity and composition of resources for the study of fire extinguishing capability, the combination of the fire dynamics simulation software PyroSim2020 and a calculation model that converts its resources into the total amount and flow of fire extinguishing agent can be provided. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a firefighting demand grade calculation and judgment model was established, which included five factors: fire scale, combustion material characteristics, foam extinguishing agent performance, firefighting object characteristics, and external factors. It concluded that the demand assignment values of each index element were 2, 5, 6, 9, and 10, and further proposed the grade judgment criteria for the calculation results of comprehensive fire demand. Through the quantitative simulation of firefighting demand based on the fire scenario and calculation model test of the consumption prediction of cooperative firefighting equipment, it can also provide a strategic reference for related cooperative fire rescue.

Lead–acid batteries are widely used in modern battery-powered ships. During the charging process of lead–acid batteries, hydrogen gas is released, which poses a potential hazard to ship safety. To address this, this paper first establishes a turbulent flow model for hydrogen deflagration. Then, using FDS6.7.9 software, simulations of hydrogen deflagration are conducted, and a simulation model of the ship’s cabin is constructed. The changes in temperature and pressure during the hydrogen deflagration process in the ship’s cabin are analyzed, and the evolution process of hydrogen deflagration in the ship’s cabin is derived. Hydrogen deflagration poses a significant threat to the fire safety of battery-powered ships. Additionally, a comparative analysis of hydrogen deflagration under different hydrogen concentrations is performed. It is concluded that battery-powered ships using lead–acid batteries should pay attention to controlling the hydrogen concentration below 4%.

As strategies to build a strong maritime nation are widely implemented, the importance of island ports has been increasingly highlighted, and their fire safety issues are also receiving more attention. However, at present, research on the construction of fire protection systems has mostly been focused on the interior of cities, and less research has been carried out on the linear firefighting needs of island ports. In particular, island ports are characterized by firefighting characteristics such as inconsistent mission objectives and coordinated ship-to-shore rescues, when compared to cities. In this study, a model for the siting of harbor fire stations on a cluster of distant, isolated islands is proposed, considering the costs associated with building, maintaining, and rescuing fire stations on the basis of coverage. At the same time, the loss costs associated with the response time are considered to construct an arc segment demand siting model under ship–shore synergy conditions with the objective of minimizing the total cost. The Sea Island Group is taken as an example for the analysis of the constructed site selection model. The firefighting needs and ship–shore cooperative firefighting and rescue scenarios for eight islands in the island group are the main considerations, and the model is solved using a genetic algorithm. It is concluded that the establishment of five island harbor fire stations in the Sea Island Group can balance the cost of rescue with the cost of construction. Thus, the benefits of island fire stations can be improved, satisfying coverage rates while minimizing the associated costs.