This study evaluated key reproductive and productive parameters of the Romanian buffalo reared under temperate-continental conditions. Data collected over a 30-year period (1990–2020) from 310 female buffaloes raised at the Şercaia Buffalo Research and Development Station (Brașov County, Romania) were analyzed. Only animals that completed their first gestation and calving within the herd and had complete lifetime records were included. Buffaloes were monitored longitudinally from first calving until the end of their productive life, regardless of the reason for exit. The evaluated traits included age at first calving, number of lactations, milk yield, milk fat content, and the effect of calf sex on milk production. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, group comparisons, and linear regression. Mean age at first calving was 51.6 ± 14.0 months, and females completed an average of 7.8 ± 3.0 lactations, indicating good reproductive longevity. Buffaloes calving male offspring produced significantly more milk per lactation (1272 ± 267 L) than those calving female offspring (1099 ± 244 L; p < 0.01). Milk fat content averaged approximately 7% and did not differ significantly between females giving birth to female offspring and those giving birth to male offspring (p > 0.05). Overall, the results indicate good productive stability and reproductive durability of the Romanian buffalo under semi-intensive management and confirm its adaptability to temperate environments.

Abdominal fat necrosis is a dystrophic–necrotic process that is relatively common in dairy cows. It is determined by productive strain (excess fat in the diet), negative energy balance after calving, a lack of physical activity, vitamin E and selenium deficiency, etc. Lipomatous masses are predominantly located in the omentum and mesentery in cattle, potentially causing intestinal obstruction. We report on an outbreak of abdominal fat necrosis that affected 135 of 220 cows and heifers (61.36%); this involved massive fat accumulation in the uterine and salpingian ligaments and severe reproductive disorders (reducing fertility to 20% in cows and 10% in heifers) caused by a hyperenergetic diet (supplementation with saturated fats). A transrectal ultrasound examination of the genital apparatus—both in heifers and in cows in the puerperium—revealed a diffuse pathological hyperechogenicity of the cervical folds, suggesting lipid infiltration, proliferation of the endocervical folds and hyperechogenic lipogranulomas located paracervically or in the uterine ligaments. An ultrasound examination of the ovaries showed the presence of parasalpingial lipogranulomas on the mesovarium, with a uniformly pixelated greasy appearance, that altered the topography of the salpinx, leading to the impossibility of oocyte retrieval. At the histopathological examination, in addition to the necrosis of adipocytes and the subacute–chronic inflammation of the abdominal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue, lipid infiltration of the uterine walls was also observed in the uterine ligaments and lymph nodes. Additionally, lipid infiltration was observed in the wall of the uterine artery. All muscular-type branches of the ovarian artery exhibited subendothelial (subintimal) amyloid deposits, severely reducing their lumen and leading to ischaemia. Amyloidosis was secondary to the systemic inflammatory process triggered by lipid deposition and necrosis. Fertility returned to normal 45–60 days after the exclusion of fat supplements from the diet and their replacement with a vitamin–mineral supplement rich in antioxidants.