In this study, the factors affecting the success of university students were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. In the study, success variable was defined according to the survey information applied to 360 university students studying in School of Physical Education and Sport in Çukurova University and Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University in Turkey, in 2017–2018 academic year. The relationship between the answers to the Likert-type scale questions affecting success variables and the course success was estimated by logistic regression analysis. According to the results of the research, because independent variables such as mother’s education status, age, and class were statistically insignificant, they were not included in the multivariate model. According to the findings, variables such as gender, the university they studied, the way they chose their department, and father’s education are seen as important in the growth of students’ academic success. In addition to this, the variables such as counseling about their profession, support of department’s instructors, and communication with instructor have been found to be considerably effective on success. It was observed that the way they chose their department (willingly–compulsorily) was the most effective factor, and father’s education was the second effective factor. As a result, the success levels of the students were found to differ according to the sociodemographic characteristics and their relations with the instructors. On the contrary, as the instructors’ guidance, support, and communication skills are effective contributors on student’s success, it has been concluded that instructors should take these factors into account.

The purpose of this study was to find out the transformational and transactional leadership and organizational cynicism perceptions of physical education and sports teachers. The sample of the study consists of 70 physical education teachers chosen randomly who were working in schools of Turkey during the 2017-2018 Academic year. Personal information form, transformational and transactional leadership scale and organizational cynicism scale were used in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data obtained from the study. Kurtosis and Skewness values were found to show whether the variables of the study were normally distributed and t-test was used for paired comparisons, while Anova test was used for the comparison of more than two independent groups. According to the results of the study physical education teachers were found to have higher perceptions of transformational leadership when compared with transactional leadership and they were found to have moderate levels of organizational cynicism. While significant difference was found between transformational and transactional leadership styles and the variable of gender; no significant difference was found between gender and organizational cynicism sub-dimensions. Another result of the study was that no significant difference was found between the variables of type of school teachers worked in, age and school graduated from and organizational cynicism sub dimensions, transformational and transactional leadership styles. Also significant difference was found between the variable of teachers' professional seniority and cognitive dimension, affective dimension and behavioural dimension.

In this study, we seek to understand how Turkish female athletes who are active on Instagram experience cyber violence, the cultural context of that violence, and the ways in which athletes negotiate and struggle with violence via a critical feminist approach. We analyze data obtained via individual, in-depth interviews with 15 athletes using the thematic analysis method. The findings show that active use of Instagram brings with it experiences of cyber sexual harassment and online and offline stalking. Turkey’s neo-conservative, religious, and patriarchal gender regime does not allow the interviewees to post freely on Instagram. Findings also reveal the presence of digital emotional labor, which is an important part of the athletic labor of femininity, in the struggle of participants to use Instagram as their own safe and free space. Consequently, although the participants have a fear of being exposed to violence in the real world due to their cyber violence experiences, or even fear death from time to time due to their Instagram posts, they nevertheless strive to use this space freely and break the control over their bodies.

Kriz zamanlarında, bir ülkenin dayanıklılığı, kurumsal tepkisi, ekonomisi ve sosyo-politik dinamikleri teste tabi tutulur. Koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) küresel ekonominin tüm sektörlerini etkilemiş özellikle spor sektörü en fazla etkilenen sektörler arasında yer almıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, spor örgütlerinin pandemi döneminde belirsizlikle mücadele etmenin bir yolu olarak kriz yönetimini nasıl yürüttüğünü ayrıntılı olarak incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’de COVID-19 salgını sonucunda oluşan kriz durumundan hareketle kriz yönetimi, spor örgüt yönetimi, kriz zamanlarında spor örgüt yönetiminin nasıl davranış gösterdiği sorgulanmıştır.COVID-19 pandemi döneminde Spor örgüt yönetimi açısından kriz yönetimi ile ilgili mevcut literatürün bir incelemesi araştırmanın modelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma spor örgüt ve kriz yönetimi arasındaki bağlantıyı ve bunun pandemi zamanlarında nasıl kullanıldığını anlamaya yardımcı olacaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri olarak 20.03.2020-19.07.2020 tarih aralığında örneklemde Türkiye de bulunan spor federasyonları (futbol, basketbol, voleybol, güreş, atletizm, yüzme, hentbol, halter, bisiklet, cimnastik, taekwondo, masa tenisi, tenis ve herkes için spor federasyonları) ve Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı web siteleri incelenmiştir.Araştırma sonucunda 2020 Mart ayında başlayan Covid-19 pandemisinin kriz özelliklerini taşıması ile bu kriz sürecinde tüm spor federasyonlarının benzer tedbir ve önlemler aldıkları görülmektedir. Ortak alınan kriz yönetimi tedbirleri, faaliyetlerini erteleme, müsabakaları tescil etme, online eğitim, seminer ve söyleşi gibi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bahse konu olan federasyonlar Sağlık Bakanlığı ve Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı tarafından Covid-19 ile mücadeleye yönelik tedbir ve önemlere yönelik kararlarını duyurmuşlardır. Araştırmalar sonucunda, bu salgın krizi sürecinde Türkiye’de spor örgüt yönetimi alanında yapılan uygulamalarla kriz yönetimi sürecinin bazı eksiklikler olmasına rağmen etkin olarak uygulandığı görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda spor örgüt yönetiminde kriz ve kriz yönetimi kavramlarının iyi bilinmesinin önemli olduğu, kriz yönetim sürecinin etkin olarak kullanılması gerektiği ve bundan sonraki olası benzer durumlar için spor örgüt yönetimi unsurlarının hazır bulundurulması gerektiği genel sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Introduction: The legitimization theory of the system explains that despite people’s inherent drive towards personal and group interests, they tend to support social systems. Understanding the sources of social pressure and the glass ceiling perceptions of female football observers is the main aim of this study in terms of examining attitudes within the legitimized system. To this end, the study sought to answer how female football observers are constructed in a marginalized position within the male-dominated football culture through sources of social pressure, and how they accommodate the acceptance of legitimizing the system despite encountering glass ceiling barriers in the context of Turkey.Method: Data for the research were collected through in-depth individual interviews (9 female observers) using qualitative research methods. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. After a comprehensive analysis of the interview transcripts, four themes emerged:Findings: Gender-based positive and negative experiences; Glass Ceiling: Organizational Factors; Legitimization of Hierarchy-Reducing Myths; and Hope for Future Intragroup Progress within the Current System.Recommendations: Our analysis reveals that female football observers, identified as match officials, indicate changes in authoritarian attitudes within recent institutional policies during their stadium experiences, characterized towards a more rational, female observer, and referee-focused stance. Additionally, entrenched stereotypes and legitimizing myths reducing hierarchy appear to generally establish legitimacy for female match officiating within the legitimization process. The research results suggest the importance for policymakers in the central referee committee in Turkey to consider the dimensions of legitimization both verbally and in writing when creating policies regarding women.

Athlete-students faced with both athletic and academic demands may identify more strongly with their academic or athletic roles, depending on a number of influential factors. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of self-efficacy, gender and age of athletes- students on their academic achievement. In the research, the self-efficacy scale adapted to Turkish by Öcal (2022) and the academic achievement averages of the athletes-students were used as data collection tools. The data were collected from a total of 290 university licensed athletes-students studying at the university's faculty of sports sciences. Logistic regression analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. The results showed that high self-efficacy levels of athlete students are an important predictor of their academic achievement. As the age of the athletes increases, their academic success rates also increase; It was found that female athlete students were more likely to fail than male students. Another result is that the more the athletes' perceptions of confidence in their abilities increase, the more likely they are to be academically successful. These results revealed that age, gender, and confidence in their abilities are the determinants of academic success, and athlete self-efficacy is an important factor in the academic success of students during their education. It can be said that the results of the research are an important factor in guiding future research and educational prevention and intervention efforts for athletes.