Effectiveness of an educational nursing intervention on caring ability and burden in family caregivers of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases. A preventive randomized controlled clinical trial

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia del acoso escolar y sus factores determinantes en adolescentes escolarizados. Método Estudio de corte transversal analítico en una muestra de adolescentes provenientes de 20 instituciones educativas públicas de una ciudad de Colombia, seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico polietápico. Se realizó regresión binomial simple y multivariable. Resultados Participaron 500 adolescentes. El 50,4% eran mujeres y 53,2% en adolescencia media. Predominó la violencia verbal (66,5%) seguida de física (32,0%) y por exclusión (30,6%). El 69,5% de los adolescentes fueron testigos, 35,8% víctimas y 14,2% agresores. El 80,5% de los agresores fueron víctimas de acoso escolar. En el análisis multivariable, se encontró asociación entre ser víctima y presentar alguna discapacidad (RP 2,4 IC 1,6-3,7), agresión verbal en el hogar (RP 1,7 IC 1,2-2,3) y consumo de droga (RP 1,7 IC 1,1-2,8). Asimismo, ser agresor se asoció con ser víctima (RP 7,2 IC 3,6-14,3) y consumo de alcohol (RP 2,2 IC 1,3-3,8). Conclusión La frecuencia de acoso escolar observada y los factores determinantes asociados, evidencian la persistencia de esta problemática en los adolescentes y la necesidad de desarrollar una cultura de convivencia adecuada e incluyente que trascienda el escenario escolar.

Objective: To determine the nursing workload in intensive care units (ICUs) and the factors associated with the Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in three ICUs in Bucaramanga, Colombia, between February 2018 and February 2020. The nursing workload was estimated based on the NAS. A descriptive and bivariate analysis stratified by ICU was performed using a robust multiple linear regression model, and the factors associated with the nursing workload (p < 0.05) were estimated. Results: In this study, 362 records were included. The median NAS was 68.1 points (Q1:47.2–Q3:116.7). APACHE II (β = 3.13, CI: 95% 2.28; 3.98), days of stay in ICU ≥3 (β = 16.78, CI: 95% 6.15; 27.41), surgery provenance service (β = 22.31, CI: 95% 9.76; 34.86), and traumatology and emergencies diagnostic category (β = 33.72, CI 95%: 9.90; 57.53) were associated with high NAS scores. Conclusion: The nursing staff spend approximately 70% of their time on a single patient, and administrative work takes up most of their time. Hospital stays of longer than 3 days, high APACHE II score, coming from the surgery department, and having a diagnosis of trauma and emergency were associated with a high workload.

Objectives To determine the efficacy of a multicomponent nursing program to prevent delirium in critically ill patients. Methods Parallel controlled randomized clinical trial to prevent delirium in 81 critically ill patients: 41 in the control group and 40 in the intervention group (intervention: spatial and temporal guidance, visual stimulus, auditive stimulus, and family support). Participants were recruited from September 2017 to March 2018 in the university hospital Los Comuneros, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Clinical Trials record NCT03215745. Results The incidence of delirium was 5% in the intervention group and 24% in the control group. The relative risk was 0.20 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.88). The absolute risk reduction was 19.39% (95% CI 4.61 to 34.17) and the number needed to treat was 5 (95 CI % 3 to 26%). Conclusion The multicomponent nursing program is efficient to prevent delirium in critically ill patients.

Percepción de la calidad del cuidado de enfermería en pacientes oncologicos hospitalizados

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a nursing intervention for delirium prevention in critically ill patients. Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a non-equivalent control group and with evaluation before and after the intervention. 157 Patients were part of the intervention group and 134 of the control group. Patients were followed-up until they were discharged from the ICU or died. The incidence of delirium in both groups was compared. Additionally, the effect measures were adjusted for the propensity score. Results: The incidence and incidence rate of delirium in the control group were 20.1% and 33.1 per 1000 person-days (CI 95% 22.7 to 48.3) and in the intervention group was 0.6% and 0.64 per 1000 person-days (CI 95% 0.22 to 11.09), respectively. The crude Hazard Ratio was 0.06 (CI 95% 0,008 to 0,45) and adjusted 0.07 (CI 95% 0,009 to 0,60). The number needed to be treated was six. Conclusion: Low incidence of delirium in critically ill patients intervened demonstrated the effectiveness of interventions. The average intervention time was 4 days with a 15-minutes dedication for each patient.