The effect of molecule–surface interaction strength on water becomes pronounced when pore size shrinks to the nanoscale, leading to the spatially varying viscosity and water slip phenomena that break the theoretical basis of the classic Lucas–Washburn (L-W) equation for the spontaneous imbibition of water. With the purpose of fulfilling the knowledge gap, the viscosity of nanoconfined water is investigated in relation to surface contact angle, a critical parameter manifesting microscopic molecule–surface interaction strength. Then, the water slip length at the nanoscale is determined in accordance with the mechanical balance of the first-layer water molecules, which enlarges gradually with increasing contact angle, indicating a weaker surface–molecule interaction. After that, a novel model for the spontaneous imbibition of nanoconfined water incorporating spatially inhomogeneous water viscosity and water slip is developed for the first time, demonstrating that the conventional model yields overestimations of 16.7–103.2%. Hydrodynamics affected by pore geometry are considered as well. The results indicate the following: (a) Enhanced viscosity resulting from the nanopore surface action reduces the water imbibition distance, the absolute magnitude of which could be 3 times greater than the positive impact of water slip. (b) With increasing pore size, the impact of water slip declines much faster than the enhanced viscosity, leading to the ratio of the nanoconfined water imbibition distance to the result of the L-W equation dropping rapidly at first and then approaching unity. (c) Water imbibition performance in slit nanopores is superior to that in nanoscale capillaries, stemming from the fact that the effective water viscosity in nano-capillaries is greater than that in slit nanopores by 5.1–22.1%, suggesting stronger hydrodynamic resistance. This research is able to provide an accurate prediction of spontaneous imbibition of nanoconfined water with microscopic mechanisms well captured, sharing broad application potential in hydraulic fracturing water analysis and water-flooding-enhanced oil/gas recovery.

To overcome the complexity of yarn color measurement using spectrophotometry with yarn winding techniques and to enhance consistency with human visual perception, a yarn color measurement method based on digital photography is proposed. This study employs a photographic colorimetry system to capture digital images of single yarns. The yarn and background are segmented using the K-means clustering algorithm, and the centerline of the yarn is extracted using a skeletonization algorithm. Spectral reconstruction and colorimetric principles are then applied to calculate the color values of pixels along the centerline. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of human brightness perception, the final yarn color is obtained through a nonlinear texture-adaptive weighted computation. The method is validated through psychophysical experiments using six yarns of different colors and compared with spectrophotometry and five other photographic measurement methods. Results indicate that among the seven yarn color measurement methods, including spectrophotometry, the proposed method—based on centerline extraction and nonlinear texture-adaptive weighting—yields results that more closely align with actual visual perception. Furthermore, among the six photographic measurement methods, the proposed method produces most similar to those obtained using spectrophotometry. This study demonstrates the inconsistency between spectrophotometric measurements and human visual perception of yarn color and provides methodological support for developing visually consistent color measurement methods for textured textiles.