Background: Temporomandibular disorders are a generic term referred to clinical conditions involving the jaw muscles and temporomandibular joint with multifactorial pattern and genetic background. The aim of this observational study was to investigate the correlation between craniomandibular disorders and the presence of occlusal alterations. A clinical evaluation of the occlusal and articular status of the patients was carried out, integrating the latter with the electromyographic recording the activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Methods: A clinical observational study on 20 adults assessed temporomandibular disorders using DC/TMD criteria, anamnesis, clinical exams, occlusal and electromyographic analyses. Occlusion was evaluated morphologically and functionally. Electromyography tested static/dynamic muscle activity. Data were statistically analyzed using t-tests and Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). Results: Electromyographic analysis revealed significant differences between subjects with and without visual correction, suggesting that visual input influences masticatory muscle activity. Correlations emerged between occlusal asymmetries and neuromuscular parameters. These findings highlight clinical implications for mandibular function, muscle symmetry, and the potential for therapeutic rebalancing through targeted interventions. Conclusions: The study demonstrates a significant correlation between visual–motor integration and masticatory muscle efficiency. It emphasizes lateralized neuromuscular activation’s influence on occlusal contact distribution. Moreover, it identifies mandibular torsion–endfeel inverse correlation as a potential diagnostic marker for craniomandibular dysfunctions via surface electromyography.

Background: This systematic review investigates how different surgical techniques influence speech outcomes in children with cleft palate, focusing on the effectiveness of key palatoplasty methods and the timing of surgery on vocal function. Methods: A thorough search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted for studies published between 2014 and 2024, including clinical research reporting speech results after palatal repair, with bias assessed using the ROBINS tool. Additionally, two clinical cases are presented to demonstrate the practical application of the surgical approaches. Results: Analysis of fourteen studies revealed that modified Z-plasty and V-Y procedures enhance soft palate mobility and reduce hypernasality, although they require advanced surgical skills. Early closure of the hard palate, performed within the first year of life, was linked to improved consonant articulation compared to later surgeries. No significant differences were found between single-stage and two-stage repairs, but surgeon experience emerged as a crucial factor influencing outcomes. Conclusions: Overall, both the surgical technique selected and the timing of intervention play important roles in optimizing speech development in children affected by cleft palate.

This study aimed to assess skeletal and upper airway modifications induced by the Twin Block appliance in patients with Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion, using two-dimensional imaging techniques. A total of 11 patients (6 males, 5 females) were included and stratified into two groups (Pre-Peak and Peak) based on skeletal maturity evaluated through the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained at the beginning (T0) and end (T1) of treatment and analyzed using DeltaDent software. The appliance was worn full-time, except during meals and oral hygiene procedures, with monthly follow-ups. Significant changes were observed between T0 and T1 across the sample. Comparison between groups revealed statistically significant differences only in the H-C3a1 and vertical height (th) parameters (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the Twin Block appliance proved effective in enhancing mandibular and dental positioning, while also exerting a favorable influence on upper airway development.

Aim: This retrospective observational clinical cohort study evaluated 84-month clinical and radiographic outcomes of a regenerative protocol combining autologous dentin grafts processed with the Tooth Transformer^® device and Concentrated Growth Factors (CGFs) in patients with severe maxillary atrophy undergoing sinus augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients (30–75 years) with residual crestal bone height ≥ 5 mm and requiring extraction of ≥2 molars were included. Extracted teeth were processed with the Tooth Transformer^® to obtain demineralized dentin granules (500–1000 µm), which were combined with CGFs prepared using the Medifuge MF200^® to form “sticky bone.” All patients underwent sinus lift via a lateral window approach (Hilt Tatum technique) with simultaneous placement of 98 implants (12–14 mm), which were loaded after six months. Results: At the 84-month follow-up, no implant failures or peri-implantitis were recorded. CBCT and clinical evaluations showed stable regenerated bone volume and absence of peri-implant bone resorption. All patients received fixed prostheses within six months without complications. Conclusions: The combined use of processed autologous dentin and CGFs proved to be a safe, predictable, and effective regenerative technique in cases of severe maxillary atrophy, with a 100% implant survival rate at five years.

Background: Implant surface characteristics have been extensively investigated for their potential influence on osseointegration and peri-implant tissue stability. However, their actual clinical relevance in the prevention and progression of peri-implant diseases remains controversial. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available clinical and microbiological evidence on the impact of different implant surface characteristics and surface modifications on peri-implant outcomes. Materials and Methods: Conducted according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO, an electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2015–2025) identified clinical studies assessing associations between implant surface characteristics/modifications and peri-implant clinical, radiographic, microbiological, or biomolecular outcomes. Risk of bias was evaluated using ROBINS-I. Results: Thirteen studies (randomized, controlled, and cohort designs) were included. Most trials reported minimal differences in marginal bone loss and peri-implant parameters across surfaces. Potential advantages were mainly observed during early healing or in compromised bone. Long-term evidence emphasized the predominance of patient- and site-related risk factors. Microbiological outcomes were scarce and heterogeneous. Conclusions: Implant surface modifications appear to exert a limited and context-dependent influence on peri-implant outcomes. Long-term peri-implant health is primarily driven by multifactorial interactions involving host, microbial, and clinical factors rather than surface characteristics alone.

Background: Platelet concentrates (PCs), including platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and its derivatives, have been increasingly investigated as autologous adjuncts in alveolar and periodontal regenerative procedures. This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether PCs improve clinical, radiographic, and histological outcomes compared with conventional regenerative approaches. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified randomized clinical trials on intrabony and furcation defects, alveolar ridge preservation, alveolar cleft reconstruction, and periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO). Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Overall, PCs, used alone as membranes or in combination with allograft materials, have been associated with significant clinical and radiographic improvements, with three main patterns of effect emerging across studies: (i) adjunctive benefit in selected outcomes (e.g., ridge width preservation and new bone formation when PRF was combined with graft materials); (ii) non-inferiority or equivalence compared with conventional regenerative approaches, particularly in periodontal intrabony defects; and (iii) lack of consistent superiority, as several studies reported comparable outcomes to standard techniques rather than clear advantages. In cleft reconstruction, PRF used in combination with allografts has shown comparable or non-inferior results to standard graft approaches, potentially reducing morbidity. Despite these favorable trends, evidence has been mixed in terms of platelet preparation protocols, defect types, additional biomaterials, and length of follow-up. The heterogeneity of the included studies and the absence of quantitative synthesis limit the strength of the conclusions. Conclusions: Within these limitations, PCs appear to represent a valid complement or alternative to conventional regenerative strategies, primarily as an adjunct rather than a clearly superior approach, and further well-designed randomized clinical trials with standardized protocols and longer follow-up are needed to strengthen clinical recommendations.