This article studies the problem of dissipative control for singular Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with time delay. In order to reduce the conservatism brought by the time delay, we choose a proper augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the auxiliary-function-based integral inequality to analyze the admissibility and dissipativity of the system. The singularity of the derivative matrix of the system leads to the matrix coupling terms, which are difficult to handle in the controller design by using the common controller design methods, so we propose an iterative algorithm to solve the controller parameters. The sufficient conditions of ensuring that the closed-loop system is admissible and dissipative are presented. Finally, three persuasive examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This study investigates the admissibility analysis and stabilisation problems for singular interval type‐2 Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with time delay. A generalised integral inequality method is used to obtain the delay‐dependent condition. The criteria for admissibility analysis and controller synthesis are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. In order to reduce the conservatism of the system, some free weighting matrices and advanced integral inequalities are introduced. Finally, two illustrative examples are exhibited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

This article focuses on the reachable set synthesis problem for singular Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with time-varying delay. The main contribution is that we design a proportional plus derivative state feedback controller to ensure that the singular fuzzy system is normal and the system states are bounded by a derived ellipsoid. In the light of the Lyapunov stability theory and the parallel distributed compensation method, the sufficient criteria are shown in the format of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, we investigate another case of reachable set synthesis, where the reachable set to be found is contained in a given ellipsoid. Finally, we use two examples to exhibit the usefulness of the proposed method.

Based on event-triggering and quantization mechanisms, a fuzzy adaptive quantization saturation control problem has been investigated for a class of nonlinear systems. The unknown components of the controlled system are approximated using fuzzy logic systems. Sensors are able to measure the states of the system. The state signals and some associated variables are sequentially event-triggered, quantized, and transmitted to the controller via network communication. To overcome asymmetric input saturation, an auxiliary subsystem is constructed to compensate for the nonlinearity caused by the saturation. By introducing dynamic surface technology and using the backstepping control design method, a quantization saturation control scheme is proposed, and the problem of virtual controllers being non-differentiable in quantization control is solved. Theoretical proof shows that all error signals of the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the Zeno behavior can be avoided. The control scheme is applied to a quarter-car active suspension system, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method Note to Practitioners —Data sampling and quantization are critical processes in both computer control systems and network control systems. Event-triggered sampling can reduce network congestion and energy consumption. However, most existing methods rarely consider both event-triggering and quantization of system states and parameters simultaneously. Additionally, both the unknown components of the model and the saturation constraints of the actuator are common in control systems. Taking into account the above issues, this paper proposes a fuzzy adaptive quantization saturation control scheme based on event-triggering and quantization mechanisms. This scheme considers multiple nonlinear links that are more practical in computer control. It has been successfully validated for its applicability in a quarter-car active suspension system.

During train operations, the contact surface between the pantograph slide and the catenary wire is subjected to mechanical friction and an electrical current, leading to an increase in the wear of the pantograph slide and a reduction in the service life of the pantograph–catenary friction pair. Therefore, the study of pantograph slide wear modeling and prediction is of great significance. This paper proposes a method to quantitatively characterize the wear of the pantograph slide by analyzing the energy dissipated through current-carrying friction in the pantograph–catenary system, from the perspective of the work done by the system. This study finds a significant linear relationship between the wear of the pantograph slide and the energy dissipated by current-carrying friction and establishes a mathematical model for pantograph slide wear based on energy dissipation, validating the effectiveness of the model. Furthermore, the relationship between the dissipated energy, contact current, contact pressure, and sliding speed is explored using experimental data, providing a quantitative explanation of the interaction between electrical and mechanical wear from an energy perspective. The wear morphology of the pantograph slide surface is further examined using metallographic microscopy, and the wear mechanism is analyzed. The applicability of the wear model is discussed, and it can be used for further studies on the current-carrying wear mechanisms in pantograph–catenary systems.

The electrical arcs generated by high-speed dynamic separation between pantograph and catenary systems pose a significant threat to the operational safety of high-speed railways. Environmental factors, particularly relative humidity and airflow, critically influence arc characteristics. This study establishes a two-dimensional pantograph–catenary arc model based on magnetohydrodynamic theory, validated through a self-developed experimental platform. Research findings demonstrate that as relative humidity increases from 25% to 100%, the core arc temperature decreases from 10,500 K to 9000 K due to enhanced heat dissipation in humid air and electron capture by water molecules; the peak arc voltage rises from 37.25 V to 48.17 V resulting from accelerated deionization processes under high humidity conditions; the average arc energy in polar regions increases from 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ J/m³ to 3.5 × 10⁻⁴ J/m³, exhibiting a saddle-shaped distribution; and the maximum arc pressure declines from 5.3 Pa to 3.7 Pa. Under airflow conditions of 10–30 m/s, synergistic effects between airflow and humidity further modify arc behavior. The most pronounced temperature fluctuations and most frequent arc root migration occur at 100% humidity with 30 m/s airflow, while the shortest travel distance and longest persistence are observed at 25% humidity with 10 m/s airflow, as airflow accelerates heat dissipation and promotes arc root alternation. Experimental measurements of arc radiation intensity and temperature distribution show excellent agreement with simulation results, verifying the model’s reliability. This study quantitatively elucidates the influence patterns of humidity and airflow on arc characteristics, providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing pantograph–catenary system reliability.