The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) are patient-based outcome scores with valid psychometric properties which are widely used for shoulder interventions. The purpose of the study is to adapt both questionnaires cross-culturally to Spanish, and to test their reliability, validity, responsiveness, and feasibility. Cultural adaptation and psychometric validation study. Consecutive patients who had undergone breast cancer surgery referred to an outpatient clinic at the University of Alcalá de Henares, Spain. One hundred and twenty women who had undergone breast cancer surgery, with pain and shoulder dysfunction. Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the international guidelines. Reliability was analysed by test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Content and convergent construct validity were measured by the Expert Committee’s and Spearman coefficient respectively. Responsiveness, feasibility, floor and ceiling effects were also tested. One hundred and twenty women aged 54.2 (±11) years took part in the study. The reliability was excellent; test-retest reliability was 0.974 (p < 0.001) for OSS, and 0.992 (p < 0.001) for SPADI; and Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.947 for OSS, and 0.965 for SPADI. High construct validity was found between the OSS and SPADI questionnaires (r = −0.674). The effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) was moderate in OSS (ES = 0.50 and SRM = 0.70 (p < 0.001)), and moderate to good in SPADI (ES = 0.59 and SRM = 0.82 (p < 0.001)). This study has some limitations, such as the group of participants is composed only of women following breast cancer treatment; the measurement took place in a single centre; and all the questionnaires administered were always provided to the participants in the same order. The OSS and SPADI Spanish versions are applicable, reliable, valid, and responsive to assess shoulder symptoms and quality of life in Spanish women with shoulder pain and disability after breast cancer treatment.

Objetivos: conocer la prevalencia de dolor de hombro en nadadores de competición, sus características y su relación con factores antropométricos y deportivos. Métodos: estudio de prevalencia. Ciento cuarenta nadadores/as entre 12 y 24 años cumplimentaron un cuestionario durante una fase de entrenamiento específico. Resultados: el 25,7% revelaron padecer dolor de hombro. Se hallaron relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el dolor de hombro y episodios previos de dolor (p<0,001), experiencia superior a tres años (p=0,014), Índice de Masa Corporal (p=0,015) y la especialidad estilo (p=0,008) y distancia (p=0,011). El dolor fue significativamente más intenso durante la actividad que en reposo (p<0,001). Conclusiones: el dolor de hombro en nadadores de competición entre 12 y 24 años parece ser un problema frecuente y repetitivo, que aumenta con la experiencia y que se asocia a la actividad, a un mayor Índice de Masa Corporal y a la especialidad del nadador.PALABRAS CLAVE: natación, prevalencia, dolor de hombro, dolor, síndrome subacromial.ABSTRACTObjectives: to investigate the prevalence of shoulder pain in competitive swimmers and find out the characteristics of pain as well as its relation to anthropometric and sports factors. Methods: prevalence study. A hundred and forty competitive swimmers between 12 and 24 years old completed a questionnaire in a high intensity training phase. Results: 25.7% swimmers reported shoulder pain. There were significant statistical correlations between shoulder pain and previous episodes of pain (p<0.001), more than three years of experience (p=0.014), Body Mass Index (p=0.015) and stroke (p=0.008) and distance (p=0.011) specialty. Pain was statistically correlated with activity (p<0.001). Conclusions: shoulder pain seems to be a frequent and repetitive problem in competitive swimmers between 12 and 24 years old, which increases with years of practice. Furthermore, it seems to be associated with the activity, a higher Body Mass Index and the swimmers’ specialty.KEY WORDS: swimming, prevalence, shoulder pain, pain, shoulder impingement syndrome.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of persistent symptoms and the radiological and laboratory evolution at 6 months and 5 years after discharge in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia during the first wave of the pandemic in Spain and to estimate the healthcare impact of their follow-up. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal observational study was conducted at the “Hospital Central de la Defensa”. A total of 200 patients aged >18 years with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia were screened. Clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records. Patients with symptoms or radiological abnormalities at discharge underwent in-person evaluations, while the remainder were assessed by telephone. Results: A total of 182 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 112 were assessed in the outpatient setting; 60.7% required in-person evaluations, with normal pulmonary auscultation in 93.6%, complete radiological resolution in 85%, and normalized laboratory parameters in almost all cases. At 6 months, 26.5% presented at least one residual symptom, whereas only three patients (4.5%) reported symptoms at 5 years. No risk factors associated with symptom persistence were identified. The estimated cumulative healthcare cost was EUR 21,627.50. Conclusions: Among patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia during the first wave of the pandemic, 26.7% and 4.46% presented at least one persistent symptom at 6 months and 5 years after discharge, respectively.

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality and a substantial burden of comorbidities, which may influence prognosis and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the burden of comorbidity in patients with IPF receiving antifibrotic therapy using the Charlson, TORVAN, and GAP indices and to analyse their relationships and prognostic impact on survival. Methods: Retrospective observational study including patients with IPF diagnosed according to ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT criteria. Patients receiving antifibrotic therapy between June 2010 and September 2025 were included. Baseline comorbidities were recorded, and the Charlson, TORVAN, and GAP indices were calculated. Associations between indices were assessed using chi-square tests and kappa statistics. Survival was analysed using Kaplan–Meier curves and compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression and model comparison metrics (Harrell’s C-index and Akaike Information Criterion) were also performed to assess the independent prognostic value of each index. Results: Seventy-two patients were included (76.7% male; mean age 73.8 ± 7.4 years). Pirfenidone was prescribed in 63.9% and nintedanib in 36.1%. The most frequent comorbidities were gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (62.5%), arterial hypertension (57.5%), pulmonary hypertension (32.9%), diabetes mellitus (24.7%), and non-metastatic solid tumours (17.6%), including lung cancer. Survival differed significantly according to GAP stage (p = 0.020) and Charlson categories (p = 0.006). The TORVAN stage was associated with the GAP stage (p < 0.001; kappa = 0.246), whereas the Charlson index showed no association with GAP or TORVAN. Conclusions: In this cohort of patients with IPF receiving antifibrotic therapy, both the GAP and Charlson indices were associated with survival. These findings suggest that combining disease-specific and comorbidity indices may provide a more comprehensive prognostic assessment, although further validation in larger cohorts is required.