Zika virus (ZIKV) remains a pressing global health concern due to its association with congenital Zika syndrome and the current lack of approved antiviral therapies. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of three novel thiazolidinedione derivatives, GQ-402, GQ-396, and ZKC-10, against ZIKV in vitro and investigated their potential molecular targets through in silico analysis. GQ-402 exhibited the highest antiviral potency, with an IC₅₀ of 15.7 µM, while ZKC-10 achieved the most substantial reduction in viral RNA levels, as determined by RT-qPCR. Molecular docking studies identified GQ-396 as the top-ranked inhibitor of the NS2B-NS3 protease and NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action among the compounds. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of thiazolidinedione derivatives and underscore the need for further investigation to develop effective treatments for ZIKV infection.

This integrative review aims to synthesize scientific evidence on the effects of Ginkgo biloba on memory and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Twenty-five studies published between 2010 and 2023 were analyzed, including randomized clinical trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews. The databases used included PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and SciELO, with keywords such as "Ginkgo biloba," "Alzheimer's disease," "cognitive function," and "neuroprotection." The results indicate that Ginkgo biloba possesses neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties that contribute to the improvement of cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Several studies demonstrated that Ginkgo biloba supplementation results in significant improvements in memory, attention, and executive function. Additionally, the combination of Ginkgo biloba with conventional treatments, such as cholinesterase inhibitors, proved to be particularly effective, enhancing therapeutic effects and offering a more holistic approach to disease management. Despite the promising results, the review highlights the need for more well-controlled, long-term clinical trials to standardize dosages and treatment protocols, as well as to confirm the safety and efficacy of Ginkgo biloba. The variability in study methods and administered dosages was a significant limitation, pointing to the need for further research in this area. In conclusion, Ginkgo biloba emerges as a valuable and promising therapeutic alternative in the management of Alzheimer's disease, offering improvements in cognitive function and quality of life for patients.

Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease in tropical and subtropical regions, with over 13 million cases recorded in the Americas in 2024. Despite its enormous public health impact, no specific antiviral therapy is currently approved for dengue virus (DENV). In this context, this narrative review critically analyses the principal molecular targets of DENV, including structural proteins (C, prM/M and E), nonstructural proteins (NS1–NS5) and host factors, with emphasis on the development of small‐molecule antivirals and an evaluation of their progress in pre‐clinical and clinical studies. The NS2B–NS3 protease complex and NS5 (both RdRp and MTase domains) remain the most extensively explored targets, owing to the availability of high‐resolution crystal structures and higher inter‐serotype conservation. NS4B has emerged as the most clinically advanced target. Among direct‐acting antivirals, AT‐752 was also discontinued due to low viraemia at enrolment, while NITD‐688 remains among the most advanced pipeline molecules. Host‐directed therapies including anakinra and baricitinib are under clinical investigation for severe dengue. Key translational challenges include viral serotype diversity, pharmacokinetic limitations, cytotoxicity, and the timing of treatment initiation relative to viral kinetics. Advances in rational drug design, drug repurposing, allosteric inhibition, and targeted protein degradation (PROTACs) offer renewed perspectives for effective dengue therapeutics.

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Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease influenced by genetic, hormonal, environmental, and biological factors. Among potential biological contributors, Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has attracted increasing attention due to its established oncogenic role in other malignancies. Although the association between HPV and breast cancer remains controversial, emerging evidence suggests that viral oncoproteins may modulate key components of the breast tumor microenvironment (TME). HPV oncoproteins E5, E6, and E7 have been associated with the regulation of inflammatory signaling, immune responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, and activation of oncogenic pathways, including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and NF-κB. These alterations may promote chronic inflammation, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. This review discusses current evidence regarding the relationship between HPV infection and the breast TME, highlighting potential mechanisms through which the virus may influence breast cancer biology. While definitive evidence supporting a causal role of HPV in breast carcinogenesis is still lacking, available findings indicate that HPV may act as an important modulator of the breast tumor microenvironment, representing a promising area for future translational and therapeutic research.