Effects of proteolytic (Neutrase, Bacillus subtilis-originate, 0.20 (P1) and 0.40 g 100 L⁻¹ (P2)) and lipolytic (Piccantase A, Mucor miehei-originated, 0.05 (L1) and 0.10 g 100 L⁻¹ (L2)) enzyme supplementations to cheese milk on lipolysis and proteolysis characteristics of 90-day ripened cheese samples were investigated in this study. While enzyme supplementation did not have significant effects on titratable acidity, fat and protease-peptone nitrogen ratios of cheese samples, dry matter, salt, protein, water soluble nitrogen, 12% trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen ratio (TCA-SN), 5% phosphotungstic acid soluble nitrogen (PTA-SN), casein nitrogen ratios, penetrometer value, total free fatty acids (TFFA) and total free amino acids (TFAA) were significantly influenced by enzyme supplementations. Individual free amino acids (15 of them) were also determined. Free amino acid contents of enzyme-supplemented cheeses were higher than the control cheese and the values increased in all cheese samples with the progress of ripening (p < 0.05). The highest amino acids in all periods of ripening were identified as glutamic acid, lysine, proline and aspartic acid. The major (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg) and minor (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) mineral levels of cheeses decreased with the progress of ripening and the effects of enzyme supplementations on these attributes (except for magnesium and manganese) were found to be significant (p < 0.01). As to conclude, enzyme supplementations increased proteolysis and lipolysis and accelerated ripening and thus reduced ripening durations. Especially the enzyme ratios in P1 and L1 cheeses were found to be suitable for reducing the ripening period in White cheese without any adverse effects.

The aim of this study is to determine the tea and coffee consumption habits of individuals in Adana and İzmir and to identify how the new trends are effective in consumption patterns. Therefore, the research is based on a comparison of two cities with distinctive culinary culture. Questionnaire technique was used to collect the data. Surveys were administered to 806 people in Adana and İzmir, Turkey. The research shows that tea is preferred in Adana (63.3%), whereas participants in İzmir opt for coffee (53.4%). The ratio of tasting international regional coffees is higher in İzmir than in Adana. In both cities, black tea and Turkish coffee are among the most consumed drinks. Despite the increasing tendency of foreign beverages due to the impact of globalization, the local people kept their interest in tea and Turkish coffee drink which is a component of the national intangible cultural heritage of Turkey. It is recommended that foreign businesses should include these traditional drinks on the menu.

In this study, the physical, chemical, rheological, and microbiological characteristics and the sensory properties of nonfat probiotic yoghurt produced at two different concentrations of apricot fibre (1% and 2%, w/v) and three different types of probiotic culture (Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (Bifidobacterium BB-12), and their mixtures) were investigated. As the fibre content increased, the rheological, structural, and sensory properties of probiotic yoghurt were negatively affected, while counts of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus LA-5, and Bifidobacterium BB-12 increased. When all the results were evaluated, the best results were obtained by using L. acidophilus LA-5 as probiotic culture and adding 1% (w/v) apricot fibre.