Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder traditionally linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation, particularly within dopamine and glutamate pathways. However, recent evidence implicates the gut–brain axis as a potential contributor to its pathophysiology. This perspective article proposes a systems-level understanding of schizophrenia that incorporates the role of gut microbial dysbiosis specifically, reductions in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing taxa, and elevations in pro-inflammatory microbes. These imbalances may compromise gut barrier integrity, stimulate systemic inflammation, and disrupt neurochemical signaling in the brain. We synthesize findings from animal models, clinical cohorts, and microbial intervention trials, highlighting mechanisms such as SCFA regulation, altered tryptophan–kynurenine metabolism, and microbial impacts on neurotransmitters. We also explore microbiome-targeted interventions like probiotics, prebiotics, dietary strategies, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and their potential as adjunctive therapies. While challenges remain in causality and translation, integrating gut–brain axis insights may support more personalized and biologically informed models of schizophrenia care.

The role of viruses has been studied extensively for use as curative cancer therapies. However, the natural immunogenicity of viruses and their interaction with the host’s immune system needs to be examined to determine the full effectiveness of the viral treatment. The prevalence of cancer is increasing globally, and treatments are needed to support the increasing body of patient care. Oncolytic viral therapies used existing pathogenic viruses, which are genetically modified to not cause disease in humans when administered using a vaccine viral vector. Immunotherapies are another avenue of recent interest that has gained much traction. This review will discuss oncolytic viral approaches using three DNA-based viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), vaccinia virus, and adenovirus; as well as four RNA-based viruses, including reovirus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), poliovirus, and measles virus (MV). It also examines the novel field of cancer-based immunotherapies.

For humans accustomed to 1-G environments on Earth, microgravity conditions in orbit and on celestial bodies with lower gravitational field, such as the Moon, can be physiologically compromising. Of these, motor and fine-dexterity tasks involving the extremities, particularly in locomotion, grasp and release, are influenced becoming delayed and placing greater force demands. The authors hereby propose incorporating this same technological innovation into loading suits designed for use in orbit or celestial environment. Current prosthetic systems use electromyography (EMG)-based techniques for creating functional sensorimotor platforms. This model sustains a sensorimotor platform for prosthesis users. However, several limitations in practical use and signal detection have been identified in these systems. Accelerometer-based sensorimotor systems have been suggested to overcome these limitations but only proof-of-concept has been demonstrated. Our group previously suggested the combined application of prosthetic accelerometers in loading suits and EMGs for input signal detection, quantification, and predictive output modelling necessary for improved motion adjustments under microgravity conditions. It is anticipated this technology can enhance tasks such as repairs or construction or perhaps in recreational design when considering commercial and private human access to space. The incorporation of a prosthetic biomechanical sensorimotor system in loading suits to enhance locomotion under microgravity conditions are conceivable; however, demonstration of a proof-of-concept is required before implementation.