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Dirk Muschalla
Institute of Urban Water Management and Landscape Water Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria

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Journal article
Published: 29 July 2021 in Climate
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While ongoing climate change is well documented, the impacts exhibit a substantial variability, both in direction and magnitude, visible even at regional and local scales. However, the knowledge of regional impacts is crucial for the design of mitigation and adaptation measures, particularly when changes in the hydrological cycle are concerned. In this paper, we present hydro-meteorological trends based on observations from a hydrological research basin in Eastern Austria between 1979 and 2019. The analyzed variables include air temperature, precipitation, and catchment runoff. Additionally, the number of wet days, trends for catchment evapotranspiration, and computed potential evapotranspiration were derived. Long-term trends were computed using a non-parametric Mann–Kendall test. The analysis shows that while mean annual temperatures were decreasing and annual temperature minima remained constant, annual maxima were rising. Long-term trends indicate a shift of precipitation to the summer, with minor variations observed for the remaining seasons and at an annual scale. Observed precipitation intensities mainly increased in spring and summer between 1979 and 2019. Catchment actual evapotranspiration, computed based on catchment precipitation and outflow, showed no significant trend for the observed time period, while potential evapotranspiration rates based on remote sensing data increased between 1981 and 2019.

ACS Style

Gerald Krebs; David Camhy; Dirk Muschalla. Hydro-Meteorological Trends in an Austrian Low-Mountain Catchment. Climate 2021, 9, 122 .

AMA Style

Gerald Krebs, David Camhy, Dirk Muschalla. Hydro-Meteorological Trends in an Austrian Low-Mountain Catchment. Climate. 2021; 9 (8):122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerald Krebs; David Camhy; Dirk Muschalla. 2021. "Hydro-Meteorological Trends in an Austrian Low-Mountain Catchment." Climate 9, no. 8: 122.

Preprint
Published: 03 June 2021
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While the ongoing climate change is well documented, the impacts exhibit a substantial variability, both in direction and magnitude, visible even at regional and local scales. However, the knowledge of regional impacts is crucial for the design of mitigation and adaptation measures, particularly when changes in the hydrological cycle are concerned. In this paper we present hydro-meteorological trends based on observations from a hydrological research basin in Eastern Austria between 1979-2019. The analysed state variables include the air temperature, the precipitation, and the catchment runoff. Additionally, trends for the catchment evapotranspiration were derived. The analysis shows that while the mean annual temperature was decreasing and annual temperature minima remained constant, the annual maxima were rising. The long-term trends indicate a shift of precipitation to the summer with minor variations observed for the remaining seasons and at an annual scale. Observed precipitation intensities mainly increased in spring and summer between 1979-2019. The catchment evapotranspiration, computed based on catchment precipitation and outflow, showed an increasing trend for the observed time period.

ACS Style

Gerald Krebs; David Camhy; Dirk Muschalla. Hydro-Meteorological Trends in an Austrian Low-Mountain Catchment. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Gerald Krebs, David Camhy, Dirk Muschalla. Hydro-Meteorological Trends in an Austrian Low-Mountain Catchment. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerald Krebs; David Camhy; Dirk Muschalla. 2021. "Hydro-Meteorological Trends in an Austrian Low-Mountain Catchment." , no. : 1.

Editorial
Published: 23 March 2021 in Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft
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ACS Style

Dirk Muschalla; Stefan Achleitner. Pluviale Überflutung und Hangwasser. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 2021, 1 -2.

AMA Style

Dirk Muschalla, Stefan Achleitner. Pluviale Überflutung und Hangwasser. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft. 2021; ():1-2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dirk Muschalla; Stefan Achleitner. 2021. "Pluviale Überflutung und Hangwasser." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft , no. : 1-2.

Originalarbeit
Published: 15 March 2021 in Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft
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Zusammenfassung Niederschlagsinduzierte Überflutungen auf einer lokalen Skala erfahren in den letzten Jahren eine vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit. Vor allem im urbanen Raum ist in den letzten Jahren eine Vielzahl von Ereignissen mit erheblichen Schadenssummen aufgetreten. In der Fachdiskussion wird durch Klimawandel und Urbanisierung eine weitere Zunahme bezüglich Häufigkeit und Ausmaß dieser Ereignisse prognostiziert. Im deutschsprachigen Raum werden unterschiedliche Begriffe, teilweise in Abhängigkeit von den beteiligten Prozessen, benutzt. Neben der kurzen Darstellung der geläufigsten Fachbegriffe wird eine mögliche Klassifizierung vorgeschlagen. Für eine Überflutungsanalyse steht mittlerweile eine Vielzahl an ausgereiften Werkzeugen zur Verfügung. Eine hierarchische Darstellung der Modellansätze erlaubt eine der jeweiligen Aufgabe und dem jeweiligen Untersuchungsgebiet angepasste Auswahl der Modellansätze und eventuelle Kombination dieser. Dabei wird auf GIS-basierte Methoden zur Bestimmung der Fließwege an der Oberfläche, Zelluläre Automaten zur Bestimmung von Überflutungsflächen, 1D-hydrodynamische Kanalnetzmodelle, 2D-hydrodynamische Oberflächenabflussmodelle und gekoppelte 1D-2D-Überflutungsmodelle eingegangen.

ACS Style

Roman Maier; Stefan Reinstaller; Dirk Muschalla. Begriffe und Modelle der Überflutungsanalyse. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Roman Maier, Stefan Reinstaller, Dirk Muschalla. Begriffe und Modelle der Überflutungsanalyse. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roman Maier; Stefan Reinstaller; Dirk Muschalla. 2021. "Begriffe und Modelle der Überflutungsanalyse." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft , no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2020 in Water
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Rainfall runoff models are frequently used for design processes for urban infrastructure. The most sensitive input for these models is precipitation data. Therefore, it is crucial to account for temporal and spatial variability of rainfall events as accurately as possible to avoid misleading simulation results. This paper aims to show the significant errors that can occur by using rainfall measurement resolutions in urban environments that are too coarse. We analyzed the spatial variability of rainfall events from two years with the validated data of 22 rain gauges spread out over an urban catchment of 125 km2. By looking at the interstation correlation of the rain gauges for different classes of rainfall intensities, we found that rainfall events with low and intermediate intensities show a good interstation correlation. However, the correlation drops significantly for heavy rainfall events suggesting higher spatial variability for more intense rainstorms. Further, we analyzed the possible deviation from the spatial rainfall interpolation that uses all available rain gauges when reducing the number of rain gauges to interpolate the spatial rainfall for 24 chosen events. With these analyses we found that reducing the available information by half results in deviations of up to 25% for events with return periods shorter than one year and 45% for events with longer return periods. Assuming uniformly distributed rainfall over the entire catchment resulted in deviations of up to 75% and 125%, respectively. These findings are supported by the work of past research projects and underline the necessity of a high spatial measurement density in order to account for spatial variability of intense rainstorms.

ACS Style

Roman Maier; Gerald Krebs; Markus Pichler; Dirk Muschalla; Günter Gruber. Spatial Rainfall Variability in Urban Environments—High-Density Precipitation Measurements on a City-Scale. Water 2020, 12, 1157 .

AMA Style

Roman Maier, Gerald Krebs, Markus Pichler, Dirk Muschalla, Günter Gruber. Spatial Rainfall Variability in Urban Environments—High-Density Precipitation Measurements on a City-Scale. Water. 2020; 12 (4):1157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roman Maier; Gerald Krebs; Markus Pichler; Dirk Muschalla; Günter Gruber. 2020. "Spatial Rainfall Variability in Urban Environments—High-Density Precipitation Measurements on a City-Scale." Water 12, no. 4: 1157.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2019 in Water
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Modelling flow rates in catchments and sewers with a conceptual, also known as hydrological, approach is widely applied if fast simulations are important. In cases where a detailed hydrodynamic model exists, it is common to start conceptualizing from this detailed counterpart. Unfortunately, no generalized procedure exists, which is surprising as this can be a complex and time-consuming task. This research work proposes a procedure that is validated with two independent combined sewer case studies. The conceptual models provide the targeted results with respect to representation of the flow rates and reduction in the computational time. As the desired performance could be reached for different levels of model aggregation, it is concluded that the conceptual model can be tailored to the points where accurate flow rates need to be predicted. Furthermore, the comparison of the conceptual model results with flow measurements highlights the importance of analyzing and eventually compensating for the limitations of the detailed model.

ACS Style

Julia M. Ledergerber; Leila Pieper; Guillaume Binet; Adrien Comeau; Thibaud Maruéjouls; Dirk Muschalla; Peter A. Vanrolleghem. An Efficient and Structured Procedure to Develop Conceptual Catchment and Sewer Models from Their Detailed Counterparts. Water 2019, 11, 2000 .

AMA Style

Julia M. Ledergerber, Leila Pieper, Guillaume Binet, Adrien Comeau, Thibaud Maruéjouls, Dirk Muschalla, Peter A. Vanrolleghem. An Efficient and Structured Procedure to Develop Conceptual Catchment and Sewer Models from Their Detailed Counterparts. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2000.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julia M. Ledergerber; Leila Pieper; Guillaume Binet; Adrien Comeau; Thibaud Maruéjouls; Dirk Muschalla; Peter A. Vanrolleghem. 2019. "An Efficient and Structured Procedure to Develop Conceptual Catchment and Sewer Models from Their Detailed Counterparts." Water 11, no. 10: 2000.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2019 in Sustainability
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Urbanization induces an increase of runoff volume and decrease of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. Low impact development (LID) strategies aim to mitigate these adverse impacts. Hydrologic simulation is a reasonable option to assess the LID performance with respect to the water balance and is applicable to planning purposes. Current LID design approaches are based on design storm events and focus on the runoff volume and peak, neglecting evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. This contribution presents a model-based design approach for the selection of cost-effective LID strategies. The method is based on monitored precipitation time series and considers the complete water balance and life-cycle-costs, as well as the demand for land. The efficiency of LID strategies (ELID) is introduced as an evaluation measure which also accounts for emphasizing different goals. The results show that there exist several pareto-optimal LID strategies providing a reasonable basis for decision-making. Additionally, the application of LID treatment trains emerges as an option of high potential.

ACS Style

Johannes Leimgruber; Gerald Krebs; David Camhy; Dirk Muschalla. Model-Based Selection of Cost-Effective Low Impact Development Strategies to Control Water Balance. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2440 .

AMA Style

Johannes Leimgruber, Gerald Krebs, David Camhy, Dirk Muschalla. Model-Based Selection of Cost-Effective Low Impact Development Strategies to Control Water Balance. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johannes Leimgruber; Gerald Krebs; David Camhy; Dirk Muschalla. 2019. "Model-Based Selection of Cost-Effective Low Impact Development Strategies to Control Water Balance." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2440.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2018 in Water
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Low impact development (LID) strategies aim to mitigate the adverse impacts of urbanization, like the increase of runoff and the decrease of evapotranspiration. Hydrological simulation is a reasonable option to evaluate the LID performance with respect to the complete water balance. The sensitivity of water balance components to LID parameters is important for the modeling and planning process of LIDs. This contribution presents the results of a global sensitivity analysis of model-based water balance components (runoff volume, evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge/storage change) using the US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model to the parameters (e.g., soil thickness, porosity) of a green roof, an infiltration trench, and a bio-retention cell. All results are based on long-term simulations. The water balance and sensitivity analyses are evaluated for the long-term as well as single storm events. The identification of non-influential and most influential LID parameters for the water balance components is the main outcome of this work. Additionally, the influence of the storm event characteristics precipitation depth and antecedent dry period on the sensitivity of water balance components to LID parameters is shown.

ACS Style

Johannes Leimgruber; Gerald Krebs; David Camhy; Dirk Muschalla. Sensitivity of Model-Based Water Balance to Low Impact Development Parameters. Water 2018, 10, 1838 .

AMA Style

Johannes Leimgruber, Gerald Krebs, David Camhy, Dirk Muschalla. Sensitivity of Model-Based Water Balance to Low Impact Development Parameters. Water. 2018; 10 (12):1838.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johannes Leimgruber; Gerald Krebs; David Camhy; Dirk Muschalla. 2018. "Sensitivity of Model-Based Water Balance to Low Impact Development Parameters." Water 10, no. 12: 1838.

Journal article
Published: 03 August 2018 in Water
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Stormwater quality models are usually calibrated using observed pollutographs. As current models still rely on simplified model concepts for pollutant accumulation and wash-off, calibration results for continuous pollutant concentrations are highly uncertain. In this paper, we introduce an innovative calibration approach based on total suspended solids (TSS) event load distribution. The approach is applied on stormwater quality models for a flat roof and a parking lot for which reliable distributions are available. Exponential functions are employed for both TSS buildup and wash-off. Model parameters are calibrated by means of an evolutionary algorithm to minimize the distance between a parameterized lognormal distribution function and the cumulated distribution of simulated TSS event loads. Since TSS event load characteristics are probabilistically considered, the approach especially respects the stochasticity of TSS buildup and wash-off and, therefore, improves conventional stormwater quality calibration concepts. The results show that both experimental models were calibrated with high goodness-of-fit (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic: 0.05). However, it is shown that events with high TSS event loads (>0.8 percentile) are generally underestimated. While this leads to a relative deviation of −28% of total TSS loads for the parking lot, the error is compensated for the flat roof (+5%). Calibrated model parameters generally tend to generate wash-off proportional to runoff, which is indicated by mass-volume curves. The approach itself is, in general, applicable and creates a new opportunity to calibrate stormwater quality models especially when calibration data is limited.

ACS Style

Dominik Leutnant; Dirk Muschalla; Mathias Uhl. Distribution-Based Calibration of a Stormwater Quality Model. Water 2018, 10, 1027 .

AMA Style

Dominik Leutnant, Dirk Muschalla, Mathias Uhl. Distribution-Based Calibration of a Stormwater Quality Model. Water. 2018; 10 (8):1027.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dominik Leutnant; Dirk Muschalla; Mathias Uhl. 2018. "Distribution-Based Calibration of a Stormwater Quality Model." Water 10, no. 8: 1027.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2018 in Water
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Results from a long-term stormwater quality monitoring program were used to derive total suspended solids (TSS) event load distributions at four small urban environments (flat roof, parking lot, residential catchment, high traffic street). Theoretical distribution functions were fitted to the empirical distribution functions obtained. Parameters of the theoretical distribution functions were optimized with respect to a likelihood function to get both optimized parameters and standard errors. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling test statistics were applied to assess the goodness-of-fit between empirical and theoretical distribution. The lognormal distribution function was found to be most expressive to approximate empirical TSS event load distributions at all sites. However, the goodness-of-fit of the statistical model strongly depends on the number of events available. Based on the results of a Monte-Carlo-based resampling strategy, around 40 events should be considered.

ACS Style

Dominik Leutnant; Dirk Muschalla; Mathias Uhl. Statistical Distribution of TSS Event Loads from Small Urban Environments. Water 2018, 10, 769 .

AMA Style

Dominik Leutnant, Dirk Muschalla, Mathias Uhl. Statistical Distribution of TSS Event Loads from Small Urban Environments. Water. 2018; 10 (6):769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dominik Leutnant; Dirk Muschalla; Mathias Uhl. 2018. "Statistical Distribution of TSS Event Loads from Small Urban Environments." Water 10, no. 6: 769.

Research article
Published: 28 May 2018 in Urban Water Journal
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The hydraulic verification of combined sewer systems as well as the assessment of combined sewer overflows (CSOs) can be conducted using a hydrodynamic model. Unfortunately, long-term simulations with hydrodynamic models for the assessment of CSOs can cause unacceptably long computation times. Using only a series of storm events instead of a precipitation continuum can reduce this time and enables parallel simulation of single storm events. We introduce a method to select this series of storm events. The method’s parameters have been optimized to replicate the overflow volume of the continuous simulation and to minimize the overall computation time. This optimization revealed a generally applicable parameter set that results in series of storm events that are shorter than the precipitation continuum by 86.2–95.2% for the investigated cases. Additionally, the deviation of overflow volume between continuous simulation and series simulation ranges between only 0.1% and 4.1%.

ACS Style

Johannes Leimgruber; David B. Steffelbauer; Gerald Krebs; Franz Tscheikner-Gratl; Dirk Muschalla. Selecting a series of storm events for a model-based assessment of combined sewer overflows. Urban Water Journal 2018, 15, 453 -460.

AMA Style

Johannes Leimgruber, David B. Steffelbauer, Gerald Krebs, Franz Tscheikner-Gratl, Dirk Muschalla. Selecting a series of storm events for a model-based assessment of combined sewer overflows. Urban Water Journal. 2018; 15 (5):453-460.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johannes Leimgruber; David B. Steffelbauer; Gerald Krebs; Franz Tscheikner-Gratl; Dirk Muschalla. 2018. "Selecting a series of storm events for a model-based assessment of combined sewer overflows." Urban Water Journal 15, no. 5: 453-460.

Article
Published: 11 March 2018 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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Discharges of untreated wastewater from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) can affect hydraulic stress and have significant environmental impacts on receiving water bodies. Common flow rate and water level sensors for monitoring of CSO events are expensive in terms of investment costs, installation, operation and maintenance. This paper presents a novel surrogate method to detect CSO events by using two low-cost temperature sensors. The novelty is the experimental setup for installation of temperature sensors in CSO structures and an algorithm developed to automatically calculate the duration of CSO events considering the response time of the system. The occurrence and duration of CSO events is computed based on the convergence of the two temperature signals. The method was tested under field conditions in a CSO structure, and the results were compared to the information gathered from a parallel installed flow sensor. The application of two temperature sensors installed inside a CSO structure was proven to be robust and accurate for the automatic detection of the occurrence and duration of CSO events. Within the 7-month test phase, 100% of the 20 CSO events could be detected without false detections. The accuracy of detecting the start and end of the CSO events was 2 min in comparison to the flow sensor.

ACS Style

Thomas Hofer; Albert Montserrat; Guenter Gruber; Valentin Gamerith; Lluís Corominas; Dirk Muschalla. A robust and accurate surrogate method for monitoring the frequency and duration of combined sewer overflows. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2018, 190, 209 .

AMA Style

Thomas Hofer, Albert Montserrat, Guenter Gruber, Valentin Gamerith, Lluís Corominas, Dirk Muschalla. A robust and accurate surrogate method for monitoring the frequency and duration of combined sewer overflows. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2018; 190 (4):209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Hofer; Albert Montserrat; Guenter Gruber; Valentin Gamerith; Lluís Corominas; Dirk Muschalla. 2018. "A robust and accurate surrogate method for monitoring the frequency and duration of combined sewer overflows." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190, no. 4: 209.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2017 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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ACS Style

Petra Van Daal; Günter Gruber; Jeroen Langeveld; Dirk Muschalla; François Clemens. Performance evaluation of real time control in urban wastewater systems in practice: Review and perspective. Environmental Modelling & Software 2017, 95, 90 -101.

AMA Style

Petra Van Daal, Günter Gruber, Jeroen Langeveld, Dirk Muschalla, François Clemens. Performance evaluation of real time control in urban wastewater systems in practice: Review and perspective. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2017; 95 ():90-101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petra Van Daal; Günter Gruber; Jeroen Langeveld; Dirk Muschalla; François Clemens. 2017. "Performance evaluation of real time control in urban wastewater systems in practice: Review and perspective." Environmental Modelling & Software 95, no. : 90-101.

Journal article
Published: 24 November 2016 in Urban Water Journal
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This paper compares two calibration approaches to enhance the ability of hydrodynamic models to describe the performance of combined sewer overflow (CSO) structures. One approach is based on the duration of CSO events (monitored by low-cost sensors) and the other focuses on the overflow volume. Both were applied to the West-Graz catchment model to simulate the discharge from the CSO overflow channel under small, medium and large rain episodes. The methodology includes sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and automatic calibration through optimization. The results revealed that the calibration using the CSO duration led to results similar to those of the approach that used overflow volume, with less than 12% error differences between approaches for medium and large rain episodes.

ACS Style

A. Montserrat; T. Hofer; M. Poch; D. Muschalla; Ll. Corominas. Using the duration of combined sewer overflow events for the calibration of sewer hydrodynamic models. Urban Water Journal 2016, 14, 782 -788.

AMA Style

A. Montserrat, T. Hofer, M. Poch, D. Muschalla, Ll. Corominas. Using the duration of combined sewer overflow events for the calibration of sewer hydrodynamic models. Urban Water Journal. 2016; 14 (8):782-788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Montserrat; T. Hofer; M. Poch; D. Muschalla; Ll. Corominas. 2016. "Using the duration of combined sewer overflow events for the calibration of sewer hydrodynamic models." Urban Water Journal 14, no. 8: 782-788.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2016 in Water
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Stormwater runoff quality was measured with online turbidity sensors at four common types of small urban subcatchments: (i) a flat roof; (ii) a parking lot; (iii) a residential catchment; and (iv) a high-traffic street. Samples were taken to estimate site-specific correlations between total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity. Continuous TSS time series were derived from online turbidity measurements and were used to estimate event loads and event mean concentrations. Rainfall runoff event characteristics were subjected to correlation analysis to TSS loads. Significant correlations were found for rainfall intensities at sites with high imperviousness and decrease with increasing catchment size. Antecedent dry weather periods are only correlated at the parking lot site. Intra-event TSS load distributions were studied with M (V)-curves. M (V)-curves are grouped at runoff quantiles and statistically described with boxplots. All sites show, in general, a more pronounced first-flush effect. While wash-off of the flat roof tends to be source-limited, the parking lot and high-traffic street sites show a more transport-limited behavior. Wash-off process of the residential catchment appears to be influenced by a composition of different subcatchments.

ACS Style

Dominik Leutnant; Dirk Muschalla; Mathias Uhl. Stormwater Pollutant Process Analysis with Long-Term Online Monitoring Data at Micro-Scale Sites. Water 2016, 8, 299 .

AMA Style

Dominik Leutnant, Dirk Muschalla, Mathias Uhl. Stormwater Pollutant Process Analysis with Long-Term Online Monitoring Data at Micro-Scale Sites. Water. 2016; 8 (7):299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dominik Leutnant; Dirk Muschalla; Mathias Uhl. 2016. "Stormwater Pollutant Process Analysis with Long-Term Online Monitoring Data at Micro-Scale Sites." Water 8, no. 7: 299.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2015 in Water Science and Technology
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Managing the subsurface urban infrastructure, while facing limited budgets, is one of the main challenges wastewater utilities currently face. In this context targeted planning of inspection and maintenance measures plays a crucial role. This paper introduces a cause and effect oriented sewer degradation evaluation approach to support decisions on inspection frequencies and priorities. Therefore, the application of logistic regression models, to predict the probability of failure categories as an alternative to the prediction of sewer condition classes, was introduced. We assume that analysing the negative effects resulting from different failure categories in extension to a condition class-based planning approach offers new possibilities for targeted inspection planning. In addition, a cross validation process was described to allow for a more accurate prediction of sewer degradation. The described approach was applied to an Austrian sewer system. The results show that the failure category-based regression models perform better than the conventional condition class-oriented models. The results of the failure category predictions are presented with respect to negative effects the failure may have on the hydraulic performance of the system. Finally, suggestions are given for how this performance-oriented sewer section evaluation can support scheduled inspection planning.

ACS Style

D. Fuchs-Hanusch; M. Günther; M. Möderl; Dirk Muschalla. Cause and effect oriented sewer degradation evaluation to support scheduled inspection planning. Water Science and Technology 2015, 72, 1176 -1183.

AMA Style

D. Fuchs-Hanusch, M. Günther, M. Möderl, Dirk Muschalla. Cause and effect oriented sewer degradation evaluation to support scheduled inspection planning. Water Science and Technology. 2015; 72 (7):1176-1183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Fuchs-Hanusch; M. Günther; M. Möderl; Dirk Muschalla. 2015. "Cause and effect oriented sewer degradation evaluation to support scheduled inspection planning." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 7: 1176-1183.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2015 in Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft
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ACS Style

Dirk Muschalla. Urbane Überflutung. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 2015, 67, 185 -186.

AMA Style

Dirk Muschalla. Urbane Überflutung. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft. 2015; 67 (5-6):185-186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dirk Muschalla. 2015. "Urbane Überflutung." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 67, no. 5-6: 185-186.

Journal article
Published: 10 April 2015 in Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft
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In urbanisierten Gebieten können infolge von Starkregenereignissen auch fernab von Gewässern Überflutungsereignisse auftreten, die große Schäden anrichten können. Um den Überflutungsschutz in urbanen Siedlungsgebieten verbessern zu können, gilt es, Defizite und Risiken in den Einzugsgebieten zu erkennen und zu bewerten. Dadurch wird die Entwicklung und Umsetzung geeigneter Schutz- bzw. Verbesserungsmaßnahmen auf kommunaler und privater Ebene ermöglicht. Die zunehmende Anwendung von 1D-2D-Modellen als Planungs- und Nachweiswerkzeug führt zu neuen Herausforderungen, was Modellbildung, Datengrundlage, Kalibrierung und Validierung betrifft. Die vorgestellte Methodik dient dem Erkennen und Bewerten von Defiziten sowie der Entwicklung und Umsetzung geeigneter Überflutungsschutzmaßnahmen. Gerade in urbanen Siedlungsgebieten sind es häufig Kombinationen aus Defiziten, die Ursache für Überflutungen sind, weshalb die Anwendung von komplexen 1D-2D-Modellen zielführend ist. Einerseits dienen sie als Nachweiswerkzeug und andererseits als Planungswerkzeug für die Bewertung von möglichen Überflutungsschutzmaßnahmen. Die Methodik dient einem zukunftsorientierten Überflutungsschutz und zeigt, dass eine gezielte Anwendung von 1D-2D-Modellen in urbanen Siedlungsgebieten erforderlich ist, um die kommunale Gemeinschaftsaufgabe des urbanen Überflutungsschutzes bewältigen zu können. In urbanized areas, even those far from rivers, torrential rains can lead to flooding and produce significant damage. In order to improve flood protection, we must first identify and assess relevant shortcomings and risks in the respective areas. This step will in turn enable us to effectively develop and implement suitable protective measures and improvements at both the municipal and private level. The growing use of 1D-2D models as tools for planning and verification brings with it new challenges concerning the modeling, base data, calibration and validation. The methodology presented here facilitates the recognition and evaluation of shortcomings, as well as the development and deployment of appropriate flood protection measures. In light of the fact that combinations of shortcomings are often responsible for flooding in urban settled areas, employing complex 1D-2D models is advisable; these models can serve both as verification tools and as planning tools for potential flood protection measures. The methodology promotes future-oriented flood protection and demonstrates that the focused application of 1D-2D models in urban areas is called for in order to fulfill municipalities’ joint responsibility for ensuring reliable urban flood protection.

ACS Style

Di Rosa Sulzbacher; Di Robert Scheucher; Dirk Muschalla. Analyse und Bewertung von Überflutungen in urbanen Siedlungsgebieten am Beispiel der Modellstudie Bründlbach (Graz-West). Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 2015, 67, 203 -213.

AMA Style

Di Rosa Sulzbacher, Di Robert Scheucher, Dirk Muschalla. Analyse und Bewertung von Überflutungen in urbanen Siedlungsgebieten am Beispiel der Modellstudie Bründlbach (Graz-West). Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft. 2015; 67 (5-6):203-213.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Di Rosa Sulzbacher; Di Robert Scheucher; Dirk Muschalla. 2015. "Analyse und Bewertung von Überflutungen in urbanen Siedlungsgebieten am Beispiel der Modellstudie Bründlbach (Graz-West)." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 67, no. 5-6: 203-213.

Review
Published: 13 March 2015 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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In various cases in environmental modeling, modelers need to account for multiple variables and multiple objectives in systems with many processes occurring at different time scales. To assist the modeler to choose a relevant pool of efficiency criteria, a method is proposed to identify dissimilar criteria. A total of 30 efficiency criteria used in environmental modeling are critically reviewed and classified into six groups according to different modeling objectives. After accounting for equivalence of functional form 18 criteria remain for further analysis. To quantify the dissimilarity for the remaining criteria a methodology based on the ratio of shared parameter sets in regions of good performance is proposed. Then, for a wastewater treatment plant case-study the dissimilarity of efficiency criteria is analyzed as a function of target variables and operating conditions.

ACS Style

H. Hauduc; M.B. Neumann; D. Muschalla; V. Gamerith; S. Gillot; P.A. Vanrolleghem. Efficiency criteria for environmental model quality assessment: A review and its application to wastewater treatment. Environmental Modelling & Software 2015, 68, 196 -204.

AMA Style

H. Hauduc, M.B. Neumann, D. Muschalla, V. Gamerith, S. Gillot, P.A. Vanrolleghem. Efficiency criteria for environmental model quality assessment: A review and its application to wastewater treatment. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2015; 68 ():196-204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

H. Hauduc; M.B. Neumann; D. Muschalla; V. Gamerith; S. Gillot; P.A. Vanrolleghem. 2015. "Efficiency criteria for environmental model quality assessment: A review and its application to wastewater treatment." Environmental Modelling & Software 68, no. : 196-204.

Research articles
Published: 07 July 2014 in Urban Water Journal
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The calculation of outflow from pipe bursts is of interest for water utilities, as the discharged water may cause large amounts of damage to the adjacent infrastructure. Therefore, the crack type specific relationship between leakage outflow and pressure is of interest. Recent findings offer new opportunities for burst outflow calculations with hydraulic models. In this paper, we compare two calculation approaches according to uncertainties caused by input parameters and give recommendations for the applicability of the methods. Simulations in a case study area have shown large leakage outflow differences between the two approaches for longitudinal cracks. For circumferential cracks, the differences are smaller. Further, due to the uncertain leak size and form of probable bursts we involved Monte Carlo simulations in the model approach. These allow the derivation of mean values and standard deviations of leakage outflow per pipe section to make the uncertainty of the results more transparent.

ACS Style

D. Fuchs-Hanusch; D. Steffelbauer; M. Günther; Dirk Muschalla. Systematic material and crack type specific pipe burst outflow simulations by means of EPANET2. Urban Water Journal 2014, 13, 108 -118.

AMA Style

D. Fuchs-Hanusch, D. Steffelbauer, M. Günther, Dirk Muschalla. Systematic material and crack type specific pipe burst outflow simulations by means of EPANET2. Urban Water Journal. 2014; 13 (2):108-118.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D. Fuchs-Hanusch; D. Steffelbauer; M. Günther; Dirk Muschalla. 2014. "Systematic material and crack type specific pipe burst outflow simulations by means of EPANET2." Urban Water Journal 13, no. 2: 108-118.