Background: Tooth agenesis, particularly hypodontia, poses a clinical and esthetic challenge in growing patients due to limitations in definitive implant placement before skeletal maturity. Traditional solutions such as removable prostheses or orthodontic space closure often fail to provide adequate long-term stability, function, and tissue preservation. In recent years, orthodontic mini-implants have emerged as a promising interim solution. This narrative review aims to synthesize current clinical evidence on the use of orthodontic mini-implants as temporary prosthetic abutments in children and adolescents with hypodontia or post-traumatic tooth loss. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, covering studies published between January 2004 and March 2025. Inclusion criteria were clinical reports involving skeletally immature patients with congenital or traumatic tooth loss treated with mini-implants, with mandatory radiographic diagnostics and outcome data. Data extracted included patient demographics, etiology, implant site, imaging, follow-up, complications, and outcomes. A total of 17 studies comprising 42 cases were analyzed and summarized in tabular form. Results: Patients aged 6 to 16 years were treated primarily for agenesis of maxillary lateral or central incisors. The mean follow-up duration was 36.9 months. CBCT was used in 28.6% of cases. Mini-implants demonstrated high clinical success with stable soft tissue contours and preservation of alveolar volume. Complications were reported in 21.4% of cases and included crown debonding, minor infraocclusion, soft tissue irritation, and rare instances of osseointegration. Conclusions: Orthodontic mini-implants may provide a minimally invasive and reversible approach to interim tooth replacement in growing patients. Preliminary evidence suggests favorable outcomes in terms of stability, esthetics, and tissue preservation, but further prospective research is needed to validate their long-term effectiveness and standardize clinical application.

Background: The upper lip plays a central role in facial harmony and youthful appearance. Aging‐related changes include elongation of the philtrum, thinning of the vermilion, and reduced maxillary incisor show. Surgical lip lift shortens the cutaneous upper lip and enhances vermilion exposure, yet patient selection and outcome assessment remain non‐standardized. Objectives: To critically evaluate current evidence on surgical lip lift techniques, including the classical subnasal bullhorn approach and its modifications, and to provide evidence‐based recommendations for anatomy‐driven technique selection. Methods: A PRISMA 2020–compliant systematic review was conducted, with protocol registration in PROSPERO. Studies included adult patients (≥ 18 years) undergoing lip lift for aesthetic or aesthetic‐functional indications. Prospective and retrospective clinical studies and case series (≥ 5 patients) published between 2017 and 2025 were identified through database searches. Data extraction focused on surgical technique, morphometric outcomes, patient satisfaction, and complications. Meta‐analysis was not feasible due to heterogeneity. Methodological quality was assessed using the MINORS instrument and JBI checklists. Results: Seven studies comprising 1754 patients were included. Subnasal bullhorn techniques and their modifications reduced philtral length from 14.0–14.5 mm to 10.8–12.0 mm, increased vermilion height from 5.0–6.0 mm to 7.0–9.0 mm, and improved maxillary incisor show from 1.5–2.0 mm to 3.5–5.0 mm. Patient satisfaction was high (mean GAIS score 4.4/5). Complications were predominantly mild and transient, with revision rates of 0.6%–6.7%. Overall study quality was moderate. Conclusions: Surgical lip lift is a safe and effective procedure for restoring upper‐lip proportions. Technique selection should be individualized, and further prospective studies with standardized outcome measures are needed. Trial Registration: CRD420251232005

Background: Despite advances in cleft rhinoplasty, the nasal sill remains an underappreciated subunit, yet it plays a crucial role in nostril symmetry and aesthetic balance. Hypoplasia or absence of the nasal sill on the cleft side often persists after primary repair and may complicate secondary nasal base correction. Current methods for sill reconstruction are limited by donor site morbidity, variability in tissue match, or non-anatomic tissue substitution. Methods: This technical note describes a surgical protocol utilizing the Tela Cutis Nasi flap, a pedicled fibro-adipose flap harvested from the adjacent nasal base, to reconstruct the deficient sill in patients with previously repaired unilateral cleft lip. The flap concept, anatomical rationale, stepwise operative steps, and patient selection considerations are outlined. Results: This technical note details the surgical steps, anatomical rationale, and flap design. No formal morphometric or patient-reported outcome analysis is included in this report; these data are being collected within an ongoing prospective outcome study designed to evaluate efficacy and long-term stability. Conclusions: The Tela Cutis Nasi flap is intended as an anatomically based local option for nasal sill reconstruction that can be integrated into secondary cleft nasal base surgery. This article contributes a standardized operative description, indications, technical constraints, and anticipated pitfalls, without assessment of clinical outcomes or long-term stability.

Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Clostridium tetani, whose spores are commonly found in soil. Owing to the widespread implementation of vaccination programs, the incidence of tetanus has significantly declined; however, given the frequency of traumatic injuries and the environmental ubiquity of the pathogen, continued vigilance remains essential. The pathogenesis of the disease is primarily mediated by potent neurotoxins produced by the bacterium, particularly tetanospasmin. The hallmark clinical manifestations include generalized muscle spasms, which may progress to severe complications such as respiratory failure and death. Post-exposure management requires careful assessment of an individual’s risk of developing tetanus in order to guide appropriate therapeutic strategies. In confirmed cases, treatment typically involves antimicrobial therapy, administration of tetanus-specific immunoglobulin, and supportive symptomatic care. The differential diagnosis should include conditions such as strychnine poisoning, viral encephalitis, oropharyngeal disorders, and rabies.

Połowiczy niedorozwój twarzy jest częstym, wrodzonym schorzeniem twarzoczaszki. Przyczynia się do zaburzenia symetrii twarzy, co – oprócz konsekwencji estetycznych – istotnie wpływa na zaburzenie funkcji struktur twarzy. Pacjenci, u których stwierdza się występowanie tego schorzenia, wymagają wieloetapowego leczenia rekonstrukcyjnego w zakresie szkieletu twarzoczaszki i tkanek miękkich. U znacznej części chorych stwierdza się dysfunkcję mięśni mimicznych objętych procesem chorobowym, wynikającą z upośledzenia unerwienia nerwu twarzowego.