In Colombia, despite the great diversity of mushrooms, most are yet unknown from the taxonomic point of view, and even less known from their nutritional composition or their possible application to obtain value-added products from agro-waste. The mycelial growth of Lentinus crinitus (L.) Fr strain was investigated on agro-waste in culture media agar and correlation analyses were performed. The proximate and mineral element composition was determinate in wild mushrooms and spent substrate of L. crinitus, obtained in the solid-state fermentation. The evaluation of the mycelial growth of the L. crinitus strain confirmed that it can grow on agro-waste. The treatment T6 (Orange peel and brand) was determined to be the best for the mycelial growth of L. crinitus (0.0790 cm/h), T7 (Bran, Orange peel and rice husk) and T5 (Rice hush and orange peel) followed, with mycelial growth rates of 0.0753 cm/h and .0720 cm/h, respectively. The growth rate was positively correlated with C/N ratios but negatively correlated with Zn, N and protein. The combination of the agro-waste (T6, T7 and T5) were used to obtain the spent substrate and assess its nutritional potential. The results showed that wild mushrooms of L. crinitus had protein contents of 14.42%, and fiber of 57.18%. The spent substrate of L. crinitus increased their protein content (10.5-11.22%), fiber (44.1-56%) and nitrogen (1.64-1.28%). These advances are promising for the use of L. crinitus as degrader of agro-waste to obtain different products of food and agro-industrial interest.

Macrofungi are classified in the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and they are very important from an ecological and economic point of view. Most studies of fungi in Colombia have been carried out mainly in the Andean Region, especially in the Departments of Antioquia, Valle del Cauca and Cundinamarca. However, other Departments in the Andean Region, like Tolima, located in the Cordillera Central, are well documented for plants (4,797 species) and animals (2,983 species), but very poorly documented in terms of knowledge of fungal diversity. This study provides a compiled and annotated checklist of all known macrofungi in the Department of Tolima, based on published literature and on the identification of new specimens collected from five localities of the Department. All records were updated taxonomically and we include detailed information on the localities in which they are distributed in the Department. The list includes 164 taxa distributed in 15 orders (Agaricales, Polyporales, Russulales, Boletales, Hymenochaetales, Xylariales, Auriculariales, Thelephorales, Cantharellales, Hypocreales, Pezizales, Gloeophyllales, Phallales, Tremellales, Dacrymycetales) and eighteen records in a doubtful taxa section. We present 26 new reports, 19 for Tolima and nine for Colombia. We also provide genetic and phylogenetic evidence of the occurrence of Gloeoporus telephoroides and Podoscypha venustula in Colombia. This checklist provides the basis for future studies on species diversity and taxonomy in Tolima, by identifying the least studied taxa and ecosystems and conservation priorities.

Pleurotus tolimensis is described as a novel species discovered in an urban remnant of Tropical Dry Forest in Tolima, Colombia. Species delimitation was supported by a combination of macro- and micromorphological characters, as well as multilocus phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined dataset comprising the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (28S), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF) and the largest and second largest subunits for the RNA polymerase genes (RPB1, RPB2). Phylogenetic analyses were inferred in a maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference framework. The results allowing the placement of P. tolimensis as a distinct lineage within the genus Pleurotus, closely related to P. floridanus. Diagnostic features include a light orange pileus with grayish edges, mucronate pleurocystidia, larger basidiospores, and the presence of rhomboid crystals near the hymenium, also present in culture. This study not only clarifies the taxonomy of Colombian Pleurotus but also highlights the high but still underexplored fungal diversity of the critically endangered Tropical Dry Forest. By contributing to reducing the Linnaean biodiversity shortfall, these findings provide essential baselines for future ecological, conservation, and applied research on Neotropical funga.

The genus Auricularia holds significant ecological importance due to its role in wood decaying and notable economic value as both an edible and medicinal resource. This study investigates the diversity of Auricularia species in Colombian Andes using an integrative approach. Species identification was based on macromorphological and micromorphological characteristics, alongside molecular analyses employing ITS and LSU markers. A total of 184 sequences of 81 specimens and 30 species were used to construct a phylogenetic tree including RPB2 marker sequences taken from GenBank. The results revealed six Auricularia species in the Colombian Andes: A. subglabra, A. cornea, A. fuscosuccinea, A. nigricans, A. brasiliana, and the newly described A. ibaguensis. This study provides morphological descriptions, distribution records, and interspecific distinctions, aligning these taxa with four out of the five recognized Auricularia species complexes. Novel sequences deposited in GenBank enhance taxonomic resolution, particularly within the A. cornea complex. These findings contribute new insights into the taxonomy of Auricularia in the Colombian Andes and emphasize the need for further research on Neotropical species, which may show significant differences from taxa in other biogeographic regions.