The incidence and prevalence of obesity and related cardio-metabolic diseases are on the rise, posing a critical health care challenge to systems across the globe. Bariatric surgery is a therapeutic cornerstone for morbidly obese patients, besides novel medical treatments, partly by ameliorating metabolic inflammation, a hallmark of metabolic diseases. Acyl-CoA Binding Protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI), is a regulator of autophagy and metabolism, and has recently been shown to increase in individuals undergoing voluntary fasting and in patients with cancer cachexia-induced malnutrition. By analyzing a prospectively collected study with matched serum and liver samples from patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding at baseline and six months after surgery, we here demonstrate that ACBP serum levels significantly increase following bariatric surgery. Hepatic ACBP expression at baseline predicted weight loss six months after the procedure. The predictive value of ACBP warrants further study, as it could identify patients who benefit most from metabolic surgery in the future.