Amid the nationwide promotion of fitness and the rapid expansion of China’s sports industry, enhancing spectator satisfaction in sports consumption has become a crucial driver for the industry’s sustainable development. Based on the theory of mind-flow perception, this paper explores the influence of stadium intelligent design on race consumption satisfaction, focusing on the four dimensions of stadium intelligent application perception, personality design perception, digital development perception, and technology integration perception, introduces the mind-flow experience as a mediating variable to construct a theoretical model, and analyzes the questionnaire data of 641 spectators with structural equation modeling. The results show that each perception dimension of intelligent design of stadiums has a significant positive effect on consumer satisfaction. Among them, intelligent applications enhance convenience and interactivity, individual design stimulates emotional resonance and immersion, and digital development and technological convergence optimize the audience’s interactive experience through augmented reality, the Internet of Things, and other technologies. flow experience serves as a key mediator to transform functional attributes into emotional value and immersion experience, significantly enhancing satisfaction. This study contributes theoretical insights and managerial guidance for the integration of AI-driven design, human–technology interaction, and smart construction strategies in modern sports venues. The results have broader implications for enhancing digital user environments and optimizing the infrastructure for next-generation event-based urban development.

The purpose of this study was to compare the adaptations in muscular strength, power, and landing forces of young female volleyball players enrolled in two experimental programs: one using smaller formats of the game (SFG) and the other using larger formats of the game (LFG), with a third group serving as a control. This study employed a randomized controlled design, with an 8-week intervention period and pre- and post-intervention evaluations. Fifty-six trained/developmental participants (age: 14.7 ± 0.5 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Each experimental group received additional training twice a week. The SFG group participated in 2v2 and 3v3 formats on smaller courts (covering 2/6 of the court's available zones) with a regular net, while the LFG group played in 4v4 and 5v5 formats on larger courts (covering 4/6 of the court's available zones). Assessments were conducted using force platforms and included the following tests: (i) isometric mid-thigh pull test (IMTP), measuring peak force; (ii) squat jump test (SJ), measuring peak force; (iii) countermovement jump test (CMJ), measuring peak power and landing force; and (iv) drop jump test (DJT), measuring the reactive strength index. Significant differences emerged post-intervention across all outcomes (p < 0.05). The SFG exhibited significantly greater IMTP peak force compared to both the LFG (p = 0.012) and control groups (p = 0.035). Additionally, the SFG showed significantly greater SJ peak force than the LFG (p = 0.036) and control groups (p = 0.023). Regarding CMJ peak power, significantly higher values were observed in the SFG compared to the LFG (p = 0.042) and control groups (p = 0.046). Moreover, the SFG had significantly lower CMJ peak landing force than both the LFG (p = 0.049) and control groups (p = 0.046). Finally, RSI was significantly higher in the SFG than in the LFG (p = 0.046) and control groups (p = 0.036). This study highlights the significant benefits of incorporating 2v2 and 3v3 SFG formats to enhance muscular strength, power, and landing forces in young female volleyball players, contrasting with less effective outcomes observed with 4v4 and 5v5 LFG formats, suggesting potential neuromuscular advantages crucial for improving volleyball performance.