According to the Orthoptera species file, there are 765 genera of the infraorder Gryllidea in the world, belonging to 2 superfamilies, 8 families, 37 subfamilies and 6159 species or subspecies in total. A complete list of all genera in the world is provided, including type species, synonyms and species richness. Through statistical analysis, there are 26 extant subfamilies, accounting for 70.27%, 692 extant genera, accounting for 90.46%, 6010 extant species or subspecies, accounting for 97.58%. At the same time, the composition characteristics of the extant genera and species or subspecies in all subfamilies: subfamily Gryllinae has the largest number of genera and species or subspecies, reaching 125 genera and 1221 species or subspecies, with the proportion of 16.34% and 20.34%, followed by subfamily Podoscrtinae, with the number of 99 genera, 770 species or subspecies, with the proportion of 12.94% and 12.83%; subfamily Gryllomiminae with the least number, the number and ratio is 1 genus, 2 species and 0.13%, 0.03%. Among all fossil genera, subfamily †Cearagryllinae is the largest, with 7 genera, 15 species. There are 21 free genera in infraorder Gryllidea, accounting for 2.75%, and 268 monotypic genera (only 1 species), accounting for 35.03%. The largest genus is Hapithus Uhler, 1864, with 209 species or subspecies.

The forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) is an endangered species endemic to China. Like many solitary and highly territorial herbivores, forest musk deer rely on chemical signals to convey complex information. However, the chemical composition and functional roles of these signals remain poorly understood. In this study, behavioral assays showed that forest musk deer (8 males and 26 females) exhibited stronger responses to urine than to feces. To characterize the chemical basis of this response, urine samples from five males and five females were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), leading to the identification of 83 volatile compounds. Discriminant analyses revealed significant differences in urinary volatile profiles according to both sex and among individuals, with classification accuracies of 100% for sex and 96.7% for individual differentiation. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) further identified 33 and 17 compounds that potentially convey sex-specific and individual-specific information, respectively, with only nine compounds implicated in both functions. These results suggest that forest musk deer employ a multi-layered coding system in chemical communication, in which distinct chemical compounds encode different types of biological information. Overall, this study provides a framework for understanding chemical signaling in captive forest musk deer and offers insights relevant to the conservation and sustainable management of musk deer populations.