We present a case of focal cerebral arteriopathy and ischemic stroke in a pediatric patient with coronavirus disease 2019 who presented with seizure, right hemiparesis, and dysarthria with positive findings for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from nasopharyngeal swab and cerebral spinal fluid.

Liver cancer is one of the most ordinary reasons for death among cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. In spite of the fact that various remedial methods have been approved particularly the survival effects of the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) method have been accomplished widely in the HCC treatment. By applying the TACE method correctly, good survival outcomes can be achieved without harmfully affecting the hepatic functions. Transarterial chemoembolization mixes the effect of avascular necrosis (AVN) with the effect of regional chemotherapy those are under the influence of arterial embolization. By knowing the fact that the metastases of liver cancer and also perfusion indices in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are via hepatic arteries, doctors chose the TACE method for the treatment of liver cancer. On the other hand, in this method, the radiologists can easily convey antitumor remedies via the arteries. Anyway, medium-level HCC is a sensitive stage of the heterogeneous disease that many patients suffer from, so specialists must consider it as a hazardous syndrome. The TACE procedure could be applied just in cases that the liver function of patients is appropriate yet, the patient liver portal vein do not have any problems and the patients do not have ascites disorder. This review is aimed to figure out the evident advantages of TACE especially by a comprehensive view on the medium level HCC. Because of that this treatment method is suggested as a first-line remedy. At last, the future landscape of the initial factors of research in managing HCC disorders have been summarized.

Background and Aim: Brain tumors are common, requiring physicians to have a precise understanding of them for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Considering that various histological tumor types present different cellularity, we conducted this research to examine the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differential diagnosis and pathologic grading of brain tumor types.Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, we gathered pathology reports of histological samples of adult brain tumors. The tissue sample of brain tumors were examined histologically by a pathologist. The magnetic resonance imaging data of these patients were interpreted by a neuroradiologist. The measured ADC values and ADC ratios were calculated. Standard mean ADC values were expressed as 10⁻⁶ mm²/s. The findings were compared according to the histological diagnosis of each tumor.Results: Sixty‐eight patients were included in the study: 34 (50%) were male, and 34 (50%) were female. The average age of the patients was 51.69 + 16.40 years. In the examination of tumor type, 16 (23.5%) were astrocytoma, 9 (13.2%) were oligodendroglioma, 20 (29.4%) were glioblastoma, 4 (5.9%) were medulloblastoma, and 19 (27.9%) were metastatic tumors. the average value of ADC was statistically significantly different according to the pathological type of tumor (p < 0.001). The two‐by‐two comparison of average ADC among tumor types revealed significant differences, except for oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma (p‐value = 0.87) and glioblastoma and medulloblastoma (p‐value = 0.347). The average value of ADC and ADC ratio was statistically significantly different according to the pathological grade of the tumor (p < 0.001). In the two‐by‐two comparison of average ADC between all pathological grades of the tumor showed a significance difference except for Grade I and Grade II (p‐value = 0.355). The mean value of ADC and ADC ratio for glioblastoma and metastatic tumors showed no significant difference.Conclusion: The assessment of brain tumor grade through ADC examination will help to estimate prognosis and devising suitable therapeutic strategies.

This study aims to develop a robust and clinically applicable framework for preoperative grading of meningiomas using T1-contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MRI images. The approach integrates radiomic feature extraction, attention-guided deep learning models, and reproducibility assessment to achieve high diagnostic accuracy, model interpretability, and clinical reliability. We analyzed MRI scans from 2546 patients with histopathologically confirmed meningiomas (1560 low-grade, 986 high-grade). High-quality T1-contrast and T2-weighted images were preprocessed through harmonization, normalization, resizing, and augmentation. Tumor segmentation was performed using ITK-SNAP, and inter-rater reliability of radiomic features was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Radiomic features were extracted via the SERA software, while deep features were derived from pre-trained models (ResNet50 and EfficientNet-B0), with attention mechanisms enhancing focus on tumor-relevant regions. Feature fusion and dimensionality reduction were conducted using PCA and LASSO. Ensemble models employing Random Forest, XGBoost, and LightGBM were implemented to optimize classification performance using both radiomic and deep features. Reproducibility analysis showed that 52% of radiomic features demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC > 0.90). Deep features from EfficientNet-B0 outperformed ResNet50, achieving AUCs of 94.12% (T1) and 93.17% (T2). Hybrid models combining radiomic and deep features further improved performance, with XGBoost reaching AUCs of 95.19% (T2) and 96.87% (T1). Ensemble models incorporating both deep architectures achieved the highest classification performance, with AUCs of 96.12% (T2) and 96.80% (T1), demonstrating superior robustness and accuracy. This work introduces a comprehensive and clinically meaningful AI framework that significantly enhances the preoperative grading of meningiomas. The model’s high accuracy, interpretability, and reproducibility support its potential to inform surgical planning, reduce reliance on invasive diagnostics, and facilitate more personalized therapeutic decision-making in routine neuro-oncology practice. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Background: With respect to the increased prevalence of fatty liver and its development at young age in the Iranian population, as well as the importance of prevention and control of its related factors, the current study aimed to explore the relationship between fatty liver and metabolic syndrome in 6-18-year-old children in Birjand, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, thirty 6 - 18-year-old children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome were selected based on Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria by convenience sampling. Then, 46 children and adolescents not affected by this disease with the same gender and age were selected as the control group. Weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure of the participants were measured and recorded, and blood sugar tests, blood lipid profile (triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) were performed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Chi-square test, independent T-test and logistic regression analysis at the significant level of P < 0.05. Results: The mean age in the case and control groups were 13.17 ± 1.64 and 12.46 ± 2.27 years, respectively (P = 0.14). The relative frequency of fatty liver in the case group (86.7%) was higher than that of the control group (28.3%) (P < 0.001), and the chance of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with metabolic syndrome was 5.38 times greater than healthy people. The results showed a significant relationship between gender, body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) levels and fatty liver among the participants (P < 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, it is recommended to develop some programs to modify the lifestyle and encourage children and adolescents by schools, the media and parents to keep fit. Keywords: Fatty Liver; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Children