Despite earlier research indicating a potential link between the development of sarcopenia and an elevated risk of frailty, the lack of comprehensive prospective data on the correlation between sarcopenia and frailty incidence leaves open the question of whether depression and cognitive function mediate this association. The principal aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the intricate interplay among sarcopenia, depression, and cognitive function collectively influence the risk of developing frailty. The participants included in this study were obtained from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which collectively encompassed a total of 3,108 participants. To examine the interrelationships among sarcopenia, depression, cognitive function, and the incidence of frailty, we employed Cox regression models along with structural equation modelling, while making necessary adjustments for baseline demographic characteristics and various lifestyle factors. During a 4-year follow-up, we documented 753 frailty events. Compared to those with nonsarcopenia, those with possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia presented risk ratios for frailty events of 1.354 (95 % CI: 1.156, 1.586) and 1.514 (95 % CI: 1.203, 1.907), respectively. Stratified analyses by different statuses of sarcopenia further revealed that the significant effect of depression on frailty was present across all groups (nonsarcopenia, possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia), whereas the effect of cognitive function on frailty was limited to the non-sarcopenia and possible sarcopenia groups. Mediation analysis showed that sarcopenia was correlated not only with frailty through depression and cognitive function separately but also through a chain-mediated effect of depression and cognitive function together. Sarcopenia is associated with frailty, depression and cognitive function playing partial, mediating roles. Frailty's susceptibility to depression and cognitive function differs based on sarcopenia status. Therefore, comprehensive interventions that include sarcopenia screening, interventions, improvements in depression, the promotion of mental health, and delays in cognitive decline will be more effective in preventing and delaying frailty. This effectiveness is particularly relevant for middle-aged and older adults who reside in China.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is primarily characterized by deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of ASD has been steadily increasing, establishing it as one of the leading causes of disability among children worldwide. Although the precise pathogenesis of ASD remains unclear, factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, immune dysregulation, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities are collectively believed to contribute to its onset. In recent years, the gut microbiota has emerged as a promising area of research in neurobiology, particularly in relation to advances in understanding the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) mechanism. Studies have shown that children with ASD exhibit significant dysbiosis in their gut microbiota, which may affect brain function via the MGBA, ultimately leading to abnormal behaviors and impaired emotional regulation. This review summarizes the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of ASD, examining how alterations in gut permeability, dysregulated microbial metabolites, and immune dysfunction may influence ASD symptomatology. In particular, the role of the MGBA in modulating immune-inflammatory responses, neurodevelopment, and behavioral regulation has become a focal point of ASD research. Building on this foundation, the review further summarizes dietary intervention strategies grounded in the MGBA theory, emphasizing their potential to restore gut microbial composition, modulate immune responses, and enhance metabolic function, thereby offering novel therapeutic perspectives for ASD.

Aims: This study explores the current occupational well‐being status of male nurses in Chengdu, China, and identifies the concomitant protective and risk factors.Design: This study has a cross‐sectional survey design.Methods: From 13 July to 21 July 2019, a cross‐sectional survey involving 209 male nurses in 7 tertiary hospitals in Chengdu, China, was conducted using a general information questionnaire, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire‐II, the Professional Identity Scale and the Nurses' Occupational Well‐being Scale.Results: The score of male nurses' occupational well‐being was 78.7 ± 14.2. The higher the mindfulness and professional identity (p = .002,p < .001, respectively), the higher the occupational well‐being of male nurses. The lower the experiential avoidance, the higher the occupational well‐being (p = .001). The highest occupational well‐being was found among male nurses who had less than 5‐years' working experience.Conclusions: The results suggest that male nurses' occupational well‐being was at a moderate level. Mindfulness and professional identity were the protective factors of male nurses' occupational well‐being, and experiential avoidance was the risk factor. Nursing managers should ascertain male nurses' current occupational well‐being and the influencing factors and formulate effective improvement strategies. Male nurse courses on enhancing mindfulness and professional identity and reducing experiential avoidance should be explored, with a focus on helping nurses improve their professional well‐being and, in turn, prospectively reducing the turnover rate.

This study analyzes and summarizes the assessment tools, current situation, and influencing factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among patients. This study aimed to provide a reference basis for developing targeted health education plans and intervention strategies for patients to improve their knowledge and beliefs concerning VTE prevention. This study aimed to increase the implementation rate of VTE prevention measures and ultimately reduce the incidence of VTE.The current studies found that the factors influencing knowledge, attitude, and practice of VTE prevention in hospitalized patients include demographic factors (age, sex, education level, occupation), disease-related factors (treatment stage, injury site, and wards), and other factors (receiving VTE-related knowledge education and having medical workers at home).

Background: Awake-prone positioning was widely used in COVID-19, combined with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation, effectively reducing intubation, and the effect on mortality is controversial. We aim to reevaluate the efficacy of awake-prone positioning in COVID-19 and summarize the protocol for awake-prone positioning. Methods: We gathered data on the treatment of COVID-19 using awake-prone positioning from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and CNKI. All the included studies were published between 2019 and 2023. Two researchers used the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool to assess the methodological quality of the literature. The evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Evaluation system. Results: Thirteen articles were included. The quality assessment using AMSTAR2 revealed that 3 articles were high quality, and 4 were moderate quality. The evidence quality assessment of 41 primary outcomes by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation indicates that 9 indicators were of moderate quality, 21 were of low quality, and 6 were of very low quality. Conclusions: The review demonstrates high methodological quality, but the evidence quality of its outcome indicators is low. Awake-prone position has been shown to decrease intubation and improve oxygenation in COVID-19 patients. It is recommended to consult the latest quality assessment standards to develop more rigorous experimental protocols, improve research quality, and facilitate the translation of research findings.

Background: Due to high-pressure environments, heavy workloads, and working in “three-shift” schedules, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses experience high-level presenteeism. This may compromise nursing quality and patient safety and damage nurses’ physical and mental health. Therefore, there’s an urgent need for effective interventions to promote the healthy development of nursing human resources and maintain nursing team stability. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) training on presenteeism among ICU nurses. Methods: ICU nurses with high levels of presenteeism were invited to participate in the study. The ICU wards were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group (40 nurses) received an 8-week MBSR program delivered by a certified mindfulness therapist. In comparison, the control group (40 nurses) received standard psychological counseling, including emotional control, psychological regulation, and sleep management. Both groups were assessed using the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 (SPS-6) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) before and after the intervention, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Methods: This study employed a cluster randomized controlled trial with a two-arm design. ICU nurses with high presenteeism were invited and randomly assigned to groups by floor. The intervention group (40 nurses) underwent an 8-week MBSR program delivered by a certified mindfulness therapist, while the control group (40 nurses) received standard psychological counseling, including emotion regulation, psychological adjustment, and sleep management. Both groups were assessed using the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 (SPS-6) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) at baseline, post-intervention, and 12 weeks post-intervention. Results: Linear mixed model analysis showed significant group, time, and group-time interaction effects on SPS-6 scores ( P < 0.05). The experimental group had significantly lower SPS-6 scores at 8 and 12 weeks post-intervention than the control group and their pre-intervention scores ( P < 0.05). For FFMQ scores, significant group and time effects ( P < 0.05) but no significant group-time interaction ( P > 0.05) were found. The experimental group’s FFMQ scores were significantly higher at 8 and 12 weeks post – intervention than the control group and their pre-intervention scores ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction intervention was associated with increased mindfulness levels over time, and it significantly reduced presenteeism, with sustained effects observed over time. Clinical implications for nursing management: MBSR, as a psychological intervention method, has the advantages of improving nurses’ mental health and work efficiency, reducing presenteeism, and ensuring patient safety. Nursing managers can integrate MBSR into hospital policies by organizing regular MBSR sessions on mental health days or during team-building activities. This not only enhances nurses’ psychological resilience but also promotes a positive work environment, contributing to a safer and more efficient healthcare setting. Patient or Public Contribution: Participants were involved solely in the data collection process. No participant contributions were required for the study’s design, outcome measurement or implementation.